(ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 415 



intimately, applies PASSAMAQUODDY BAY to the waters from Cobscook Bay 

 out between Campobello and Deer Island without naming the inner Bay at all, while 

 this same map has the abbreviation Quoddy, in the form QUADY, applied to Campo- 

 bello and to the West Passage {op. cit. V, 1899, ii, 267). A very detailed 

 map of the vicinity of Campobello in a pamplet entitled The Campobello 

 Mill and Manufacturing Company, of 1839, applies PASSAMAQUODDY 

 GREAT HARBOUR to the present Eastport Harbour, while the pamphlet 

 uses PASSAMAQUODDY BAY for the outer Bay. Finally this part of the 

 subject is illustrated very beautifully by the usage in Lorimer's History of 

 the Islands and Islets of the Bay of Fundy, of 1876, in which the author, 

 out of a close personal knowledge of the region, uses PASSAMAQUODDY 

 BAY for the waters around Indian Island, i.e., the outer Bay, and PASSA- 

 MAQUODDY RIVER for the passage between Deer Island and Maine. This is 

 precisely the usage of Southack's map, and it persists even to our own day, for I 

 find Passamaquoddy Bay thus applied in the paper of 1910 by S. Chalmers mentioned 

 below, while I have heard QUODDY RIVER used by fishermen. We still speak 

 of the many islands of Passamaquoddy Bay, embracing those which are not in the 

 inner Bay at all. In the speech of sailors and fishermen, however, the use of Passa- 

 maquoddy for the outer waters seems to be dying out, being replaced by more modern 

 and shorter names; while such survival as Passamaquoddy enjoys locally rests upon 

 the historic and poetic appeal which the name makes to those susceptible to such 

 influence. There is accordingly some danger that, as it has never been taken up 

 in purely local nomenclature for the inner Bay, it will die out altogether in the 

 ordinary speech of the residents, and have only a literary existence and that chiefly 

 in application to the inner Bay. That is, the danger applies to the full form of the 

 name; in its abbreviated form QUODDY it has a perfectly fixed and permanent 

 use: — as QUODDY HEAD for the prominent cape which forms the extreme 

 easternmost point of the United States: a certain usage as WEST QUODDY for 

 the West Passage (between Campobello and Maine) : and the American charts 

 give alsa QUODDY ROADS to the West Passage, and EAST QUODDY HEAD to 

 the extreme easternmost point of Campobello, though this latter seems to lack local 

 sanction. 



The original application of the name to the outer Bay thus indicated, 

 is confirmed most satisfactorily by independent evidence from another source. 

 In 1796-7 a Commission was taking local evidence in connection with 

 the International Boundary, then in dispute; and the resultant documents, 

 including much testimony from the earliest residents, are printed in part 

 in Kirby's Eastport and Passamaquoddy, and in part are still in MS. 

 among the voluminous records of the Commission, of which copies are preserved 

 in the Canadian Archives, in the State Library of Maine, and elsewhere. The 

 local testimony shows some confusion through the fact that the Commissioners, who 

 are known to have used Sproule's map, persistently apply the name Passamaquoddy 

 to the inner Bay, despite which it is clear that the residents, while not 

 agreeing as to the application of the name in detail, did all connect it 

 especially with the outer waters, while two of them attached it expressly 

 to the waters running from Head Harbour, Campobello, westward to the 

 end of Deer Island, and around to Pleasant Point (op. cit. 103, 105). Again, 

 in the testimony of Alex. Hodges, which Kilby does not print, the statement 

 is specific, that the waters between Head Harbour and Harbour LaTete as far as, 

 and above, Moose Island, are called Passamaquoddy or Pollock River (MS. in 

 Maine State Library). Finally and most conclusively of all, one of the Passamaquoddy 

 Indians interviewed by Ward Chipman, stated that the name Passamaquoddy 



