416 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



belonged only to the outer waters, the pollock being not found within the inner Bay 

 (page 411 earlier). 



This localization of the aboriginal name Passamaquoddy upon the waters of the 

 outer Bay, raises the question as to whether pollock especially abound there. In 

 fact as I know well from my own personal knowledge of the place, they do; and not 

 only do they abound, as the saltwater fishermen all know, but they are conspicuously 

 prominent on account of a curious feature of their habits, a feature unique among 

 the saltwater fish of this region at least — that of schooling as they feed upon shrimp, 

 when they skip and break at the surface in a striking and characteristic manner. 

 The Indian word PESKÂTUM, indeed, describes this habit, for it means JUMPER 

 or SKIPPER, as various authors have pointed out (Prince, in work cited below, 

 and A. F. Chamberlain in American Anthropologist, III, 1901, 678). It is indeed, 

 one of the sights of that beautiful region in its charming early summer to see the 

 pollock schooling; and the place where the sight is especially characteristic, indi- 

 cating their favourite haunt, is in the waters between Campobello and Deer Island, 

 leading west towards Eastport Harbour. This habit is all the more remarkable since 

 the Pollock is a large fish, much like the Cod in general aspect. While thus schooling 

 they can be speared, and still often are by both Indians and whites, while they may 

 also be taken with rod and fly, a thing unique among saltwater fish in this region. 

 An interesting description of this form of sport has been given by Stephen Chalmers 

 in Outing, for June 1910. Here, accordingly, all lines of evidence concur in locating 

 the aboriginal PESTUMOKWADI, the original Passamaquoddy. 



Thus we can trace very fully the history of this name. Used by the Indians for 

 the waters of the outer Bay, it was spread by the whites as a district name over all 

 the surrounding region, over which it rolled across islands, bays and headlands like 

 one of its own healthful fogs. Then, in time and with settlement, new names 

 became applied to particular features in the district, there rifting the cloud so to 

 speak. Yet it lingered in some places, clinging closest, of course, around the place of 

 its real origin, but elsewhere remaining only upon the inner Bay where the carto- 

 graphers had placed it and upon certain headlands and passages where the speech 

 of the sailors and fishermen have preserved it. 



Since the evidence seems conclusive that the name Passamaquoddy belonged 

 not at all to the inner Bay, we naturally ask with interest what name the Indians 

 used for this extensive and beautiful sheet of water. No name therefor has appar- 

 ently been anywhere recorded, nor is any such known to the present Passamaquoddy 

 Indians. I believe, however, that it occurs in a chance record given in these Trans- 

 actions, II, 1896, ii, 245, as obtained by me from John Lola, one of my Passama- 

 quoddy informants. Lola gave me SQUÀ-SO'-DIK-SEE-BAH-HA'-MOOK as the 

 name for Letite Passage. Now SQUA-SO-DIK means a LOOKOUT PLACE, 

 interpreted also as LANDING PLACE, understood to be one of the mythical 

 alighting places of Glooscap, and is the undoubted name for McMasters Island 

 {op. cit. 247) a striking Island with abrupt red bluffs, the highest around Passama- 

 quoddy. Now SEE-BAH-HA-MOOK does not mean a passage, but is a Maine 

 Indian name meaning a great lake. Thus Hubbard, in his Woods and Lakes oj 

 Maine, 20, 211, shows that SEBAMOOK was an Abenaki name for Moosehead 

 Lake, the largest lake of Maine; and this word I take to be identical with Lola's. 

 Hence the name SEBAHAMOOK would apply to the inner Bay, which is completely 

 land-locked and thus in reality a great lake, though of salt water. The name 

 LOOKOUT OVER THE LAKE would be wholly appropriate to the hill on 

 McMasters Island. To this subject, however, I hope later to return with further 

 evidence and more exact analysis. 



