[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 429 



perfectly. In this way would be explained the otherwise somewhat puzzling absence 

 of the root WAPSK meaning STONE from the combination as given by Patterson. 

 Moreover, this very name does occur somewhere in these Provinces, for in Vroom's 

 list of -ACADIE names {Educational Review, St. John, VI, 1892, 9) occurs TUMA- 

 GUNEAWAACADE, meaning SHELL-DUCK HAUNT, taken from a copy of 

 Rand's First Reading Book annotated by Rand himself, as Mr. Vroom tells me. 

 Local studies will ultimately decide between these two interpretations. 



TUMGWOLIGUNECHWACADIE. The Micmac name for Crane Island, 

 a place apparently in Nova Scotia, though I have been unable to determine its 

 identity. It is given by Rand as TÛMGWÔLÏGÛNËCH'-WÂÂKÀDE, or 

 TUMGWALIGUNËTCWÂKADE with the meaning HAUNT OF THE CRANE 

 (HERON), or HOME OF THE CRANES {First Reading Book, 86; Micmac-English 

 Dictionary, 190). The construction of the word is perfectly clear, since the latter 

 part is evident!}' our familiar combination WA-KA'DI-(K) already e.xplained 

 (page 380), while the former part is as plainly TCMGWÔLÏGONËCH, the Micmac 

 word for CRANE (HERON), as given by Rand, {First Reading Book, 50), making 

 the name in full TÛMGWÔLÏGÛNÈCH-WÂ-KA'DI-(K), meaning literally CRANE- 

 THEIR-OCCURRENCE-(PLACE). 



The very full form of this name, the length of which especially tempts to abbrevi- 

 ation, in conjunction with the coincidence of meaning of the English name, implies 

 that this is not an aboriginal name, but a translation of the English name into 

 Indian. 



UPKOACADIE. The Micmac name for Tar Bay, now called Tor Bay, a 

 prominent place in the eastern part of Nova Scotia, according to Rand {First Reading 

 Book, 101), who gives it as UPKOOÂÂKÀDE, meaning TAR, or TURPENTINE 

 REGION. The latter part of the wwd is clearly our familiar -A-KA'DI-(K), 

 meaning -ITS-OCCURRENCE-(PLACE) (page 380), while tJPKOO as clearly 

 means RESIN, PITCH, etc., and hence TAR (Rand, English- Micmac Dictionary, 

 262). Since, however, TAR could hardly have played any greater part here than 

 elsewhere in the economy of the aboriginal Micmacs, it seems pretty certain that the 

 name is not aboriginal, but merely a translation of the English name into Micmac. 



UTKOGUNACADIE. The Micmac name_for Indian Harbour, Nova Scotia, 

 according to Rand, who gives it as UTKOGÛNÂÂKÀDE, or UTKOGUNAKADE 

 with the meaning AUTUMN FISHERY {First Reading Book, 90; Micmac-English 

 Dictionary, 165). There are three places of this name in Nova Scotia, one between 

 St. Marys River and Country Harbour, one on the east side of St. Margarets Bay, 

 and one near the head of Sambro Harbour, just west of Halifax; and I take it the 

 latter is the one meant, because the charts mark just at its entrance a GONIE 

 REEF, which word seems an abbreviation of our name. The latter part of the name 

 is certainly our familiar combination -Â-KA'DI-(K), already explained (page 380), 

 implying that the first part is the name of some prominent natural object. Rand's 

 explanation AUTUMN FISHERY by no means accords with this construction for 

 the word, and moreover, must be erroneous, because, according to his own works, the 

 root ÛTKOK' does not mean AUTUMN, but LAST AUTUMN, {English- Micmac 

 Dictionary, 27). Moreover the same root, apparently, occurs with a very different 

 meaning in UTKOGONCHEECH the name for Blomidon, which Rand interprets, 

 but again I think not correctly, as BARK DOUBLED AND SEWED TOGETHER 

 {First Reading Book, 84; also Legends of the Micmacs, 291). connecting this name, 

 evidently, with UTKOGÛN, meaning "the bark of ordinary soft wood" English- 

 Micmac Dictionary, 30). As to some animal or plant having UTKOGUN in its 

 name, I can find nothing nearer than OOTKÏGÛNÛSEES, the name for the Bull 

 Bird,accordingtoRand, by which undoubtedly he means the Black-bellied Plover, a 



