FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



99 



95. Pseudomonas bowlesiae. 



80. Pseudomonas cumini. 

 133. Pseudomonas levistici. 

 HH. Attacks members of the family Vitaceae. 



113. Pseudomonas cissicola. 

 II. Attack members of numerous families. 



61. Pseudomonas aplata. 

 124. Pseudomonas solanacearum. 



11 . Pseudomonas syringae. 

 108. Pseudomonas xanthochlora. 



1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroe- 

 ter, 1872) Migula, 1900. {Bacterium aerugi- 

 nosum Schroeter, in Cohn, Beitrage z. 

 Biologic, 1, Heft 2, 1872, 126; Bacillus pyo- 

 cyaneus Gessard, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., 

 Paris, 94, 1882, 536; Pseudomonas pyocyanea 

 Migula, in Engler and PrantI, Die natiirl. 

 Pflanzenfam., 1, la, 1895, 29; Migula, Syst. 

 d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 884.) 



ae.ru. gi.no'sa. L. adj. aeruginosus full of 

 copper rust or verdigris, hence green. 



Common name: Blue pus organism. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.6 b}' 1.5 microns, occurring 

 singly, in pairs and short chains. Motile, 

 possessing one to three polar flagella. 

 (Monotrichous according to Reid, Naghski, 

 Farrell and Haley, Penn. Agr. E.xp. Sta., 

 Bull. 422, 1942, 6.) Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Yellowish or greenish 

 yellow, fringed, irregular, skein-like, granu- 

 lar, rapidly liquefying. 



Gelatin stab: Rapid liquefaction. The 

 fluid assumes a yellowish green or bluish 

 green color. 



Agar colonies: Large, spreading, grayish 

 with dark center and tran.slucent edge, ir- 

 regular. Medium greenish. 



Agar slant: Abundant, thin, white, glis- 

 tening, the medium turning green to dark 

 brown or black, fluorescent. 



Broth: Marked turbidity with thick pel- 

 licle and heavy sediment. Medium yellowish 

 green to blue, with fluorescence, later 

 brownish. Often produces pyocyanine, fluo- 

 rescein and pyrorubrin (Meader, Robinson 

 and Leonard, Am. Jour. Hyg., 5, 1925, 682). 



Litmus milk: A soft coagulum is formed, 

 with rapid peptonization and reduction of 

 litmus. Reaction alkaline. 



Potato: Luxuriant, dirty brown, the me- 

 dium becoming dark green. 



Indole usually not produced (Sandiford, 

 Jour. Path, and Pact., U, 1937, 567). 



Nitrates reduced to nitrites and nitrogen. 



Glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, 

 maltose, lactose, sucrose, dextrin, inulin, 

 glycerol, mannitol and dulcitol are not fer- 

 mented. Glucose oxidized to gluconic acid, 

 2-ketogluconic acid and other intermediates 

 (Lockwood, Tabenkin and Ward, Jour. 

 Bact., 42, 1941, 51; Hajmes, Jour. Gen. 

 Microbiol., 5, 1951,939). 



Blood serum: Liquefied. Yellow liquid, 

 greenish on surface. 



Blood hemolyzed. 



Cultures have marked odor of trimethyl- 

 amine. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. Good 

 growth at 42° C. 



Pathogenic for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats 

 and mice. 



Distinctive characters: Some strains pro- 

 duce p.yocyanine, a phenazine derivative 

 which is extractable from alkaline media 

 with chloroform as a deep blue pigment. 

 Upon addition of acid, the color is trans- 

 formed to red and becomes insoluble in 

 chloroform. The ability to grow well at 

 42° C, to oxidize gluconic acid to 2-keto- 

 gluconic acid and to produce a slime in 

 potassium gluconate media permits identifi- 

 cation even though pyocyanine is not 

 formed (Haynes, loc. cit.). 



Source: Pus from wounds. Regarded as 

 identical with one of the plant pathogens 

 (Pseudomonas polycolor) by Elrod and Braun 

 (Jour. Bact., U, 1942, 633). 



Habitat: Cause of various human and 

 animal lesions. Found in polluted water and 



