100 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



2. Pseudoiiionas pseudomallei (Whit- 

 more, 1913) Haynes, comb. nov. {Bacilhis 

 pseudomallei Whitmore, Jour. Hyg., 13, 

 1913, 1; Bacillus whitmori Stanton and 

 Fletcher, Trans. 4th Cong. Far East Assn. 

 Trop. Med., ^, 1921, 196; also see Jour. Hyg., 

 23, 1925, 347; Malleomyces pseudomallei 

 Breed, in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 300; 

 Loefflerella pseudomallei Brindle and Cowan, 

 Jour. Path, and Bact., 63, 1951, 574.) 



pseu.do.mal'le.i. Or. adj. pseudes false; 

 L. noun malleus the disease glanders; M.L. 

 noun pseudomalleus false glanders; M.L. 

 gen. noun pseudoviallei of false glanders. 



Short rods, with rounded ends, occurring 

 singly and in short chains. Motile. Possess 

 1 to 4 polar flagella (Brindle and Cowan, 

 ibid., 571) ; this was confirmed by de Lajudie, 

 Fournier and Chambon (Ann. Inst. Past., 

 85, 1953, 112). Show bipolar staining. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin stab: Moderate, crateriform 

 liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, slightly raised, 

 thick, opaque, cream-colored with irregular 

 margin. 



Glycerol agar slant: Wrinkled, thick, 

 rugose, cream-colored growth. 

 Broth: Turbid with pellicle. 

 Litmus milk: Curdling with slowly de- 

 veloped acidity; pink sediment; may be 

 digested. 



Potato: Vigorous, cream-colored growth. 

 Indole not produced. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, lactose, 

 sucrose and mannitol. 



Grows in simple, chemically defined media 

 containing single amino acids or the am- 

 monium salt of certain organic acids as the 

 sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source in a 

 mineral salt base (Levine, Dowling, Even- 

 son and Lien, Jour. Bact., 67, 1954, 350). 

 Blood serum slowly liquefied. 

 Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C; but will 

 grow readily at 42° C. (Cowan, personal 

 communication, March, 1955). 



Distinctive character: Brygoo and Rich- 

 ard (Ann. Inst. Past., 83, 1952, 822) report 

 that a large number of strains, isolated in 

 Saigon, produce a yellow pigment which is 

 extractable in 2 per cent boiling HCl ; a few 

 of these strains become non-pigmented 



when cultured on glycerol agar media. While 

 this pigment has sometimes been described 

 as water-soluble, Brindle and Cowan (op. 

 cit., 1951, 574) suggest that this species may 

 be more closely related to the species placed 

 in Xanthomonas than to those placed in 

 Pseudomonas. The xanthomonads develop 

 yellow, non-diffusible, carotenoid pigments. 



Source: Isolated from lesions and blood in 

 rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and man; also iso- 

 lated once from a transient nasal discharge 

 in a horse, once from a splenic abscess in a 

 cow and once from a fatal case of an infected 

 sheep. Virulent and avirulent strains can 

 also be readily isolated from water at 

 Saigon, Indochina, if appropriate media are 

 used (Fournier and Chambon, personal 

 communication, 1955). 



Habitat: Glanders-like infections (melioi- 

 dosis) in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and man 

 in India, Federated Malay States and Indo- 

 China. 



3. Pseudomonas reptilivora Caldwell 

 and Ryerson, 1940. (Pseudomonas reptilivor- 

 ous (sic) Caldwell and Ryerson, Jour. Bact., 

 39, 1940, 335.) 



rep.ti.li'vo.ra. L. n. reptile a reptile; 

 L. V. voro to devour; M.L. adj. reptilivorus 

 reptile-destroying. 



Rods, 0.5 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns, occurring 

 singly, in pairs and in short chains. Actively 

 motile with two to six polar flagella. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin colonies: After 24 hours, small, 

 circular, smooth, entire. Liquefaction. 

 Medium becomes yellowish green fluores- 

 cent. 



Gelatin stab: Infundibuliform liquefac- 

 tion becoming stratiform. Putrid odor 

 present. 



Serum slant: Liquefied. 



Agar cultures: Circular, smooth, glisten- 

 ing, slightly raised, butyrous, translucent, 2 

 mm in diameter. 



Agar slant: Growth abundant, smooth, 

 filiform, glistening, butyrous and translu- 

 cent. 



Broth: Turbid with pellicle and sediment. 

 Putrid odor. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline, peptonization, 

 complete reduction. Disagreeable odor. 



Potato: Growth moderate, spreading. 



