102 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Broth: Turbid. 



Nitrates reduced to nitrites by some 

 strains. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Acid produced from glucose by most 

 strains. 



Attacks naphthalene. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Grows at 35° to 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



6. Pseudomonas efifusa Kellerman et al., 

 1913. (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and 

 Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 39, 1913, 515; 

 also see Soil Science, 1, 1916, 472.) 

 ef.fu'sa. L. adj. effusus spread out. 

 Rods 0.4 by 1.7 microns. Motile by means 

 of one to three polar flagella. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Gelatin stab: Liquefied. A non-liquefying 

 variety is also found. 



Agar slant: Luxuriant, glistening, moist, 

 creamy, spreading growth. Medium be- 

 comes greenish fluorescent. 



Peptone starch agar slant : Abundant, flat, 

 moist, rich creamy growth. Medium shows 

 greenish fluorescence. 



Broth: Turbid; viscid sediment. Medium 

 becomes greenish fluorescent. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline. Coagulation and 

 digestion. Litmus reduced. A variety that 

 acts more slowly on litmus milk is also 

 found. 



Potato: Abundant, creamy, glistening, 

 brownish flesh-colored growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia is produced. 



No acid from glucose, starch, lactose, 

 sucrose, maltose, glj'cerol or mannitol. 



Starch hydrolysis weak. 



Cellulose is attacked. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Survives 60° C, but not 70° C, for 15 min- 

 utes. 



Source: Isolated from soils in Utah. 



Habitat: Soil. 



7. Pseudomonas ephemerocyanea Ful- 

 ler and Norman, 1943. (Jour. Bact., 46, 

 1943, 274.) 



e.phe.me.ro.cy.a'ne.a. Gr. adj. epheme- 



rus short-lived; Gr. adj. ajaneus blue; M.L. 

 adj. ephemerocyaneus ephemeral blue. 



Rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 2.2 to 2.8 microns, 

 straight to slightly bent with rounded ends, 

 arranged singlj-. Motile by means of 1 to 3 

 polar flagella. Gram-negative. 

 Gelatin stab: Liquefied. 

 Starch agar colonies: Pinpoint colonies 

 in three days, 1 to 2 mm in 5 days. White 

 becoming tan, raised, glistening, smooth, 

 entire. 



Water-insoluble de.xtrin colonies: Pin- 

 point colonies show an enzymic zone, white, 

 convex, entire. 



Starch agar slant: Heavy gelatinous, 

 light brown becoming deeper brown. 

 Litmus milk: No visible growth. 

 Indole not produced. 

 Nitrites produced from nitrates. 

 Starch hydrolyzed. 



Attacks glucose, lactose, maltose, galac- 

 tose, arabinose and xylose. Utilizes cellu- 

 lose, cellulosan, water-soluble and water- 

 insoluble cellulose dextrins and pectin. Slow 

 utilization of gum arable and calcium glu- 

 conate. 



In mineral nutrient media, filter paper 

 strips are disintegrated at the air-liquid 

 interface with the formation of a transitory 

 violet or blue color which becomes light 

 brown. 



Peptone, yeast extract, nitrate and am- ■ 

 monia serve as nitrogen sources. 

 Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 22° to 35° C. 

 Distinctive characters: In media con- 

 taining cellulose a transitory intense blue 

 or violet color develops. In aerated cultures 

 the entire medium becomes blue. The pig- 

 ment appears to be water-soluble. After a 

 few hours the color becomes light brown. 

 Source: Isolated from soil. 

 Habitat: Soil. 



8. Pseudomonas fairmontensis 



(Wright, 1895) Chester, 1901. (Bacillus Fair- 

 montensis (sic) Wright, Memoirs Nat. Acad. 

 Sci., 7, 1895, 458; Chester, Man. Determ. 

 Bact., 1901, 311.) 



fair.mon.ten'sis. Fairmount Park (Phila- 

 delphia) place name; M.L. adj. fairmonten- 

 sis pertaining to Fairmount. 



Medium-sized rods, occurring singly, in 



