FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



103 



pairs and in chains. Motile, possessing a 

 single polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, white, trans- 

 lucent. Dark centers with a greenish shim- 

 mer, thinner edges and faint radial lines. 



Gelatin stab: Crateriform liquefaction. 



Agar slant: Grayish white, glistening. 

 Agar becomes green. 



Broth: Turbid; delicate pellicle; white 

 sediment. Becomes green. 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulated; litmus 

 reduced. 



Potato: Raised, granular, spreading, vis- 

 cid. Becomes brownish. 



Indole produced. 



Action on nitrates unknown. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 20° to 25° C. Fails 

 to grow at 35° C. 



Source: From water from the Schuylkill 

 River. 



Habitat: Water. 



9. Pseudomonas chlororaphis (Guig 

 nard and Sauvageau, 1894) Bergey et al. 

 1930. (Bacillus chlororaphis Guignard and 

 Sauvageau, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris 

 1, 10 ser., 1894, 841; Bergey et al.. Manual 

 3rd ed., 1930, 166.) 



chlo.ro'ra.phis. Gr. chlorus green; Gr 

 noun rhaphis a needle; M.L. fem.n. chloro 

 r aphis a green needle. 



Description taken from Lasseur (Ann. de 

 la Sci. Agron., Ser. 4,2« Annee, 2, 1913, 165) 

 While Guignard and Sauvageau {op. cit. 

 1894, 841) found .spores in this species 

 Gessard, on reisolation, could find no spores 

 (Ann. de la Sci. Agron., Ser. 3, 6^ Ann^e, 2 

 1911, 374). The identification of the reiso 

 lated culture was confirmed by Guignard 

 The original description is brief and inade- 

 quate and is probably based on a contami- 

 nated culture. 



Rods, 0.8 b}' 1.5 microns, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly and in pairs. Motile 

 with one to si.\ polar flagella. Gram-nega- 

 tive. After continued cultivation some cells 

 decolorize slowly. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, viscid, trans- 

 parent, glistening, lobate margin with 

 fluorescent corona. Dissociates readilj^ 

 (Lasseur and Dupai.x-Lasseur, Trav. Lab. 



Microbiol. Fac. Pharm. Nancy, Fasc. 9, 

 1936, 35). 



Gelatin stab : Rapid liquefaction. Fluores- 

 cent. Chlororaphine crystals may form. 



Broth: Turbid, greenish, fluorescent. 

 Crystals of green chlororaphine may form. 

 Broth becomes viscous. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline; coagulated. Be- 

 comes viscous. Chlororaphine crystals may 

 form in the central part of the culture. Odor 

 of coumarin. 



Potato: Citron-yellow layer. Crystals of 

 chlororaphine are formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Indole not produced. 



Pigment formation: Asparagine, potas- 

 sium phosphate, glycerol, sulfate of mag- 

 nesium and sulfate of iron are indispensable 

 to the formation of crystals of chlorora- 

 phine. Green crystals develop slowly and 

 poorly in peptone solutions, best in syn- 

 thetic media. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. Cultures killed in ten minutes at 

 63° C. 



Pathogenic for mice, guinea pigs, frogs, 

 fresh-water fishes and crayfishes. An e.xo- 

 toxin is formed. 



Distinctive character: Produces a beauti- 

 ful emerald-green pigment which crystal- 

 lizes in cultures as fine needles in bundles 

 or as needles radiating from a center. The 

 crystals form slowly and are not always 

 present. Other species of pseudomonads, 

 e.g. Pseudomonas iodinum, form crystals. 

 As this power is readily lost, it raises the 

 question whether other species of green, 

 fluorescent pseudomonads may not form 

 crystals under proper conditions. 



Source: Isolated from dead larvae of the 

 cockchafer. Later reisolated bj^ various 

 French bacteriologists from contami- 

 nated water supplies. 



Habitat: Decomposing organic matter 

 and fresh water so far as known. 



10. Pseudomonas myxogenes Fuhr- 

 mann, 1907. (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 

 1907, 356.) 



myx.o'ge.nes. Gr. myxa slime; Gr. gennao 

 to produce, beget; M.L. adj. myxogenes 

 slime-producing. 



