112 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



mm in diameter, shiny, grajish white, en- 

 tire, of the consistency of bread dough. 



Agar slant: Growth grayish white, 

 wrinkled, echinulate. After 1 or 2 days a 

 skunk-like odor develops. 



Broth: Turbid. Sediment. White pellicle. 



Potato: Growth echinulate, shiny, brown- 

 ish. 



Litmus milk: A skunk-like odor develops 

 in 1 to 2 days. Grayish blue surface ring in 

 about 3 days. Alkaline in 7 to 10 daj^s. In 

 two weeks complete reduction. Slight pro- 

 teolysis and viscosity. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid but no gas produced slowly from 

 glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose. No 

 acid from arabinose, dextrin, galactose, 

 glycerol, lactose, mannitol, raffinose or 

 salicin. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 21° C. Growth 

 slight at 5° and 30°C. No growth at 37° C. 



Source: Several cultures isolated from 

 butter having a skunk-like odor. 



Habitat: Presumably derived from the 

 rinse water. 



33. Pseudomonas putrefaciens (Derby 

 and Hammer, 1931) Long and Hammer, 

 1941. (Achromobacter putrefaciens Derby 

 and Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta., Res. 

 Bull. 145, 1931, 401; Long and Hammer, 

 Jour. Bact., 41, 1941, 100.) 



pu.tre.fa'ci.ens. L. v. ptdrefacio to make 

 rotten; L. part. adj. putrefaciens making 

 rotten. 



Rods, 0.5 to 1.0 by 1.1 to 4.0 microns, 

 occurring singly and in pairs. Motile with 

 a single flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: Rapid, saccate to strati- 

 form liquefaction, with reddish brown sedi- 

 ment in the liquefied portion. 



Agar colony: Circular, smooth, glisten- 

 ing, slightly raised, somewhat transparent, 

 with brownish tinge. 



Agar slant: Echinulate, slightly reddish 

 brown, viscous. 



Broth: Turbid, with thin, gray pellicle 

 and reddish brown sediment. 



Litmus milk: Rapid reduction and pro- 

 teolysis with odor of putrefaction. 



Potato: Echinulate, smooth, glistening, 

 viscous, reddish brown. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites are produced from nitrates. 



Acid from maltose and sucrose. No action 

 on glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, 

 lactose, raffinose, dextrin, inulin, salicin, 

 amj'gdalin, glycerol, mannitol or sorbitol. 



Ammonia is formed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 21° C. No growth 

 at 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from tainted butter. 



Habitat: Milk, cream, butter, water, soil 

 and creamery equipment (Long and Ham- 

 mer, loc. cit.; Claj'don and Hammer, op. 

 cit., Res. Bull. 267^ 1939). 



34. Pseudomonas cohaerens (Wright, 

 1895) Chester, 1901. {Bacillus cohaerens 

 Wright, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1895, 464; 

 Pseudomonas cohaerea (sic) Chester, Man. 

 Determ. Bact., 1901, 312.) 



co.hae'rens. L. part. adj. cohaerens co- 

 hering, uniting together. 



Rods, occurring singly and in pairs, some- 

 times in chains. Motile, possessing a polar 

 flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies : Circular, elevated, gray- 

 ish, translucent, entire. Become white with 

 an elevated, brownish, central nodule. 



Gelatin stab: Slow liquefaction. 



Agar slant: Elevated, grayish white, 

 translucent, glistening, with irregular mar- 

 gins. 



Broth: Turbid; coherent, wrinkled pel- 

 licle which adheres to the walls of the con- 

 tainer. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline, coagulated, slowly 

 peptonized, litmus reduced. 



Potato: Thick, granular, translucent, 

 spreading. 



Indole not produced. 



Grows at 25° C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: Isolated from water from the 

 Schuylkill River. 



Habitat: Water. 



35. Pseudomonas ambigua (Wright, 

 1895) Chester, 1901. (Bacillus amhiguus 

 Wright, Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1895, 



