118 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Distinctive characters : No or slow growth 

 in culture media in the absence of salt. 

 Maximum growth and pigmentation ap- 

 pears with 1.5 and 2.5 per cent salt. Opti- 

 mum pigmentation occurs at 4° and 15° C. 

 Pigment insoluble in chloroform. 



Source: Several cultures isolated from 

 samples of discolored butter. 



Habitat : Causes a black to reddish brown 

 discoloration of print butter. Evidently 

 widely distributed in nature. 



51. Pseudonionas ichthyodermis (Wells 

 and ZoBell, 1934) ZoBell and Upham, 1944. 

 (Achromobacter ichthyodermis (sic) Wells and 

 ZoBell, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., £0, 1934, 123; 

 ZoBell and Upham, Bull. Scripps Inst. 

 Oceanography, 5, 1944, 246 and 253.) 



ich.thy.o.der'mis. Gr. ichthys fish; Gr. 

 derma skin; M.L. ichthyodermis fish skin. 



Small rods, 0.9 to 1.3 by 3.0 to 5.0 microns, 

 occurring singlj^ and in pairs. Motile, with 

 a tuft of polar flagella. Pleomorphic forms 

 predominate in old cultures. Encapsulated. 

 Gram-negative. 



Requires sea water following initial iso- 

 lation. The following differential media are 

 prepared with sea water: 



Agar colonies: Glistening, colorless, con- 

 vex, circular, 2 to 4 mm in diameter. 



Agar slants: Abundant, filiform, raised, 

 smooth, opalescent growth. 



Gelatin tube : Rapid crateriform liquefac- 

 tion complete in 5 days at 18° C. 



Sea-water broth: Turbidity, with pellicle, 

 little granular sediment and no odor. 



Milk: No growth. 



Potato : No growth unless dialyzed in sea 

 water. Then fair growth with no pigment. 



Acid from glucose, sucrose and mannitol 

 but not from lactose or glycerol. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Ammonia liberated from peptone, but no 

 hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Indole formed in tryptophane sea-water 

 broth. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C.; 37° C. incubation will kill recently 

 isolated organisms. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Source: Isolated from diseased kilifish 

 {Fundnlus parvipinnis) . 



Habitat: Skin lesions and muscle tissue of 

 infected marine fish. 



52. Pseudonionas niarinoglutinosa 



(ZoBell and Allen, 1935) ZoBell, 1943. 

 {Achromobacter viarinoglutinosus (sic) Zo- 

 Bell and Allen, Jour. Bact., 29, 1935, 246; 

 ZoBell, Jour. Bact., ^6, 1943, 45.) 



ma.ri.no.glu.ti.no'sa. L. marinus ma- 

 rine; L. glutinosus full of glue, viscous; M.L. 

 adj. marinoglutinosus . Meaning obscure. 



Short rods, 0.7 to 1.0 by 1.8 to 2.4 microns, 

 with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 and in clumps. Motile with polar flagella. 

 Staining granular. Encapsulated. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin stab: Moderate filiform growth f; 

 with slight napiform liquefaction. No pig- 

 ment. 



Agar colonies: Round with concentric 

 circles and crinkled radial lines, 1.5 to 5.0 

 mm in diameter. No pigment. 



Agar slant: Moderate, filiform, flat. 

 Butyrous consistency. 



Broth: Moderate clouding, marked ring, 

 adherent film of growth on test tube wall, 

 flaky sediment. 



Milk: No growth. 



Potato: No growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia produced 

 from Bacto-tryptone. 



Acid but no gas from xylose and dextrin. 

 No acid from glucose, lactose, sucrose or 

 mannitol. 



Starch is hydrolj'zed. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Source : Isolated from sea water. 



Habitat: Sea water. 



53. Pseudonionas nienibranoforniis 



(ZoBell and Allen, 1935) ZoBell, 1943. 

 {Achromobacter membranoformis ZoBell and 

 Allen, Jour. Bact., £9, 1935, 246; ZoBell, 

 Jour. Bact., 46, 1943, 45.) 



mem. bra. no. for 'mis. L. membrana a 

 membrane; L. forma appearance; M.L. adj. 

 membranoform is membranous . 



Reds, 0.9 to 1.2 by 3.5 to 4.8 microns, oc- 

 curring singly and in pairs. Motile with 



