FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



159 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Methyl red negative: acetylmethylcarbi- 

 nol not produced. 



Synthetic asparagine medium: No growth. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose and 

 sucrose. Salicin not attacked. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Salt tolerance: Up to 3 per cent. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 28° C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: Isolated from leaves, stems and 

 petioles of Piper betle in India. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Piper betle. 



Aerobic. 



Distinctive characters : Causes a vascular 

 infection in cabbage, cauliflower and ruta- 

 bagas. 



Comment : A variety pathogenic on horse- 

 radish and related species has been de- 

 scribed by McCulloch (Jour. Agr. Res., 38, 

 1929, 269). Causes a leaf spot. Does not 

 liquefy pectate medium. 



Source: Pammel {op. cit., 1895, 130) first 

 isolated the pathogen from diseased ruta- 

 bagas. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on cabbage, cauli- 

 flower and other related species. 



9. Xanthoiuonas campestris (Pammel, 

 1895) Dowson, 1939. (Bacillus campestris 

 Pammel, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 27, 

 1895, 130; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 100, 1939, 190.) 



cam.pes'tris. L. campestris of a level 

 field this specific epithet is also that of 

 Brassica campestris , a host. 



Description from McCulloch (Jour. Agr. 

 Res., 38, 1929, 278). Species is probably 

 composed of several varieties. See descrip- 

 tions by Mekta, Ann. Appl. Biol., 12, 1925, 

 330; Paine and Nirula, Ann. Appl. Biol., 

 15, 1928, 46; Wormald and Frampton, Ann. 

 Rept. East. Mall. Res. Sta., 1926 and 1927, 

 II Supplement, 1928, 108; and others. 



Rods 0.3 to 0.5 by 0.7 to 2.0 microns. 

 Motile with a polar flagellum. Encapsu- 

 lated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef agar colonies: Wax-j'ellow, round, 

 smooth, shining, translucent, margins 

 entire. 



Broth: Turbid with yellow rim and some- 

 times a pellicle. 



Milk: Casein digested with the formation 

 of tyrosine crystals. Alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole production weak. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 lactose, glycerol and mannitol. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Pectate medium liquefied. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 28° and 30° C. Maximum, 36° C. 



10. Xanthonionas cassiae Kulkarni et 

 al., 1951. (Kulkarni, Patel and Dhande, 

 Curr. Sci., 20, 1951, 47.) 



cas'si.ae. M.L. fem.n. Cassia generic name 

 of host; M.L. gen. noun cassiae of Cassia. 



Rods 0.8 to 1.0 by 1.2 to 2.1 microns. 

 Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Potato-glucose agar colonies: 1.2 cm in 

 diameter after 7 days, smooth, circular, 

 lobate, glistening, convex, butyrous, pinard- 

 yellow. 



Milk: Litmus reduced. Medium pepto- 

 nized. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Loeffler's blood serum: Liquefied. 



Methyl red negative; acetylmethylcar- 

 binol not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose and 

 sucrose. Arabinose, glycerol and salicin not 

 attacked. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Koser's citrate medium: Growth. 



Synthetic asparagine medium: Slight 

 growth. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Salt tolerance: Up to 3 per cent. 



Optimum temperature, 27° C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: Isolated from leaves, stems and 

 petioles of Cassia tora in India. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Cassia tora. 



11. Xanthonionas cajani Kulkarni et 

 al., 1950. (Kulkarni, Patel and Abhyankar, 

 Curr. Sci., 19, 1950, 384.) 



