166 



ORDER I, PSEUDOMONADALES 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Pelargonium spp. 

 and Geranium spp. 



27. Xanthomonas phaseoli (Erw. 



Smith, 1897) Dowson, 1939. {Bacillus 

 phaseoli Erw. Smith, Bot. Gaz., U, 1897, 

 192; A. A. A. S. Proc, 46 1898, 288; Dow- 

 son, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.) 



pha.se'o.li. Gr. phaselus the kidnej^ bean; 

 L. phaseolus kidney bean; M.L. mas.n. 

 Phaseolus generic name of bean; M.L. gen. 

 noun phaseoli of the bean. 



Description from Burkholder (Cornell 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 127, 1930, 18; Phyto- 

 path.,^^, 1932,609). 



Rods 0.87 by 1.9 microns. Motile with a 

 single polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef -extract agar colonies: Circular, 

 amber-yellow, smooth, butyrous, edges 

 entire. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Yellow ring. 



Milk: Casein precipitated and digested. 

 Alkaline. Tyrosine crystals formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 3^, 1942,600). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, 

 fructose, arabinose, xjdose, maltose, lactose, 

 sucrose, raffinose and glycerol. Alkaline 

 reaction from salts of acetic, malic, citric 

 and succinic acids. Mannitol, dulcitol, sali- 

 cin and formic and tartaric acids not fer- 

 mented. 



Starch hydrolj^zed. 



Pectate medium not liquefied. 



Aerobic. 



Very slight growth in beef broth plus 4 

 per cent salt (Hedges, Jour. Agr. Res., 29, 

 1924, 243). 



Distinctive character: Similar in culture 

 to Xanthomonas campestris, X.juglandis, X. 

 vesicatoria, etc., but they do not cross 

 infect. 



Comments: A variety that produces pus- 

 tules on the leaves and pod of soy bean, 

 Glycine max, both in America and Japan, 

 has been described by Hedges (Science, 66, 

 1922, 11). Liquefies pectate medium. 



Two additional varieties have been de- 

 scribed which produce a dark brown color 



in a beef extract peptone medium and also in 

 tj^rosine medium. The first of these is patho- 

 genic on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and re- 

 lated plants. The second was isolated from 

 white kidney beans in India and is patho- 

 genic on Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus, P. 

 coccineus and Dolichos lablab. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on the bean {Phase- 

 olus vulgaris), the hyacinth bean {Dolichos 

 lablab) , the lupine {Lupinus polyphyllus) , etc. 

 Not pathogenic on the soy bean {Glycine 

 sp.) nor cowpea {Vigna sp.). 



28. Xanthomonas plantaginis (Thorn- 

 berry and Anderson, 1937) Burkholder, 1948. 

 {Phytomonas plantaginis Thornberry and 

 Anderson, Phytopath., 27, 1937, 947; Burk- 

 holder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 161.) 



plan.ta'gi.nis. L. plantago, plantaginis 

 the plantain; M.L. fem.n. Plantago generic 

 name of plantain; M.L. gen. noun plantaginis 

 of plantain. 



Rods, 0.6 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 1.8 microns, oc- 

 curring singly or in chains. Encapsulated. 

 Motile with 1 to 2 polar flagella. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Gelatin: Slight liquefaction. 



Glucose agar slant: Growth moderate, 

 filiform, raised, opaque, yellow and viscid. 



Broth: Moderately turbid with ring. 



Milk: Slight acidity, no reduction of lit- 

 mus. Peptonization. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



No appreciable amount of gas from carbo- 

 hydrates. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C. 

 Minimum, 12° C. Maximum, 35° C. Thermal 

 death point, 50° C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: From diseased leaves of Plantago 

 lanceolata in Illinois. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Plantago spp. 



29. Xanthomonas ricinicola (Elliott, 

 1930) Dowson, 1939. {Bacterium ricini Yoshi 

 and Takimoto, Jour. Plant Protect., Tokyo, 

 16, 1928, 12; Bacterium ricinicola Elliott, 

 Man. Bact. Plant Path., 1930, 193; Dowson, 

 Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.) 



ri.ci.ni'co.la. L. ricinus the castor oil 



