FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



169 



Nitrites and ammonia not produced. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



No growth in Uschinsky's, Cohn's or 

 Koser's uric acid medium. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, mannitol, raffinose, salicin and 

 -xylose. Fructose, arabinose and rhamnose 

 not attacked. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 30°C. 

 Minimum, 10°C. Maximum, 40°C. 



pH range for growth, pH 5.3 to 9.2. Opti- 

 mum pH, 7.0. 



Source: Isolated from Iponioea niuricata 

 in India. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Ipomoea nmricata. 



35. Xanthoiiionas vasculoruni (Cobb, 

 1893) Dowson, 1939. {Bacillus vascidarum 

 (sic) Cobb, Agr. Gaz. of New South Wales, 

 Jf, 1893, 777; abst. in Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 1, 1895, 41; Xanthomonas vascularum (sic) 

 Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 

 190.) 



vas.cu.lo'rum. L. vascnlum a small 

 vessel; M.L. neut.pl. gen. n. vasculorum of 

 small vessels. 



Description from Erw. Smith (Bact. in 

 Rel. to Plant Dis., 3, 1914, 54). 



Rods 0.4 by 1.0 micron. Motile with a 

 single polar flagellum. Originally reported 

 as Gram-variable but later found to be 

 Gram-negative (Elliott, Man. Bact. Plant 

 Path., 2nded., 1951, 147). 



Gelatin: Liquefaction feeble. Liquefac- 

 tion good (Burkholder). 



Beef-e.xtract agar colonies: Pale yellow, 

 smooth, glistening, not noticeablj^ viscid. 



Broth: Good growth. 



Milk: Alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 3^, 1942, 600). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose 

 and glycerol. No acid from lactose. 



Starch hydrolyzed (Burkholder). 



Pectate medium liquefied. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 28° C. 

 Thermal death point, about 50° C. (Elliott, 

 op. cit., 1951, 147). 



Source: Isolated from diseased sugar 

 cane. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on sugar cane, 

 Saccharum officinarum, causing a bacterial 

 gummosis. 



36. Xanthomonas vesica torla (Doidge, 

 1920) Dowson, 1939. {Bacterium vesicatorium 

 Doidge, Jour. Dept. Agr., S. Africa, 1, 1920, 

 718; also Ann. Appl. Biol., 7, 1921, 428; 

 Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 

 190.) 



ve.si.ca.to'ri.a. L. vesica a blister; 

 M.L. adj. vesicatorius causing a blister. 



Rods 0.6 to 0.7 by 1.0 to 1.5 microns. En- 

 capsulated. Motile with a single polar flagel- 

 lum. Originally reported as Gram-positive 

 but later found to be Gram-negative by 

 Gardner and Kendrick (Phytopath., 13, 

 1923, 307) and Higgins (Phytopath., 12, 

 1922, 513). 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Nutrient agar colonies: Good growth. 

 Circular, wet-shining, Naples-yellow, edges 

 entire. 



Milk: Casein precipitated and slowly 

 digested. Tyrosine crystals. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced (Burkholder). 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose, 

 sucrose, lactose, galactose, glycerol and 

 dextrin. 



Certain strains hydrolyze starch, others 

 do not (Burkholder and Li, Phytopath., 31, 

 1941, 753). 



Pectate medium liquefied. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Distinctive character: Xanthomonas vesi- 

 catoria is reported as pathogenic on toma- 

 toes and peppers. However Burkholder and 

 Li {loc. cit.) report that there are sufficient 

 cultural and pathogenic differences between 

 the organism infecting tomatoes and the 

 organism infecting peppers to warrant their 

 separation into distinct species. 



Comment: A variety pathogenic on 

 radishes, turnips and other crucifers, and 

 on tomato and peppers, has been described 

 by White (Phytopath., 20, 1930, 653). Differs 

 from Xanthomonas campestris in that it 

 does not cause a vascular disease. Unlike a 



