FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



171 



with a single polar flagellum. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef agar colonies: Mustard-yellow to 

 primuline-yellow, circular, margins entire. 



Broth: Turbidity prompt with a yellow 

 ring and an incomplete pellicle. 



Milk: Soft coagulation; peptonization 

 and production of tyrosine crystals. 



Nitrates: A weak reaction for nitrites 

 after 10 days. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, 

 fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, glycerol 

 and mannitol. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Pectate medium liquefied. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 25° and 30° C. Maximum, 35° C. 



No growth in broth plus 5 per cent salt. 



Aerobic. 



Source: Isolated from black spots on 

 leaves, buds and pods of poppy. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on poppy, Papaver 

 rhoeas . 



40. Xaiithomonas alfalfae (Riker 

 et al., 1935) Dowson, 1943. (Bacterium al- 

 falfae Riker, Jones and Davis, Jour. Agr. 

 Res., 51, 1935, 177; Dowson, Trans. Brit. 

 Mycol. Soc, £6, 1943, 11.) 



al.fal'fae. Spanish alfalfa (lucerne); 

 M.L. gen. noun alfalfae of alfalfa. 



Rods 0.45 by 2.4 microns. Motile with 

 a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Nutrient agar slant: Growth abundant, 

 filiform, smooth, glistening, butyrous, pale 

 yellow. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Light sedi- 

 ment. 



Milk: Casein precipitated and digested. 



Ammonia produced slowly in a nitrate 

 medium. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose, 

 lactose, arabinose and salicin (Patel, Kul- 

 karni and Dhande, Indian Phytopath., 2, 

 1949, 166). No acid in yeast broth plus 

 sugars. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Aerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 24° and 32° C. Minimum, below 4° C. 

 Maximum, below 36° C. 



Source: Six single-cell cultures isolated 

 from diseased alfalfa. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on the leaves of 

 alfalfa, Medicago saliva. 



41. Xanthomonas acernea (Ogawa, 1937) 

 Burkholder, 1948. (Pseudomonas acernea 

 Ogawa, Ann. Phyt. Soc. Japan, 7, 1937, 

 123; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 

 165.) 



a.cer'ne.a. L. acerneus made of maple. 



Rods 0.2 to 0.6 by 0.5 to 1.2 microns. 

 Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Agar colonies: Round, smooth, convex, 

 white to citron-yellow, glistening, trans- 

 lucent with amorphous structure. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Milk: Slowly cleared, slightly acid. No 

 coagulation. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



No gas produced in peptone water plus 

 sugars. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, about 

 32° C. Thermal death point, 59° C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: From diseased leaves of Acer 

 trifidum in Japan. 



Habitat: Causes a disease in Acer spp. 

 and in Aesculus turhinata and Koelrenteria 

 paniculata. 



42. Xanthomonas carotae (Kendrick, 

 1934) Dowson, 1939. (Phytomonas carotae 

 Kendrick, Jour. Agr. Res., 49, 1934, 504; 

 Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 

 190.) 



ca.ro 'tae. L. carota the carrot; M.L. 

 gen. noun carotae of the carrot. 



Rods 0.42 to 0.85 by 1.38 to 2.75 microns. 

 Motile with 1 or 2 polar flagella. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Potato-glucose agar colonies: Circular, 

 smooth, glistening, entire, straw-j^ellow in 

 color. 



