FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



191 



Gelatin stab: Crateriform liquefaction. 

 No pellicle. 



Agar slant: Gray, smooth, filamentous. 



Broth: Turbid with delicate pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Acid; coagulated; pep- 

 tonized. 



Potato: Brownish yellow to brownish 

 red color. 



Indole is produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose broth (Leh- 

 mann and Neumann, op. cit., 1896, 238). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. 



Distinctive characters: There does not 

 seem to be any real difference between this 

 organism and Aeromonas liquefaciens Kluy- 

 ver and van Niel. Schaperclaus (Fisch- 

 krankheiten, Braunschweig, 1 Aufi., 1935, 

 46; Ztschr. f. Fischerei, 37, 1939, 7) recog- 

 nizes definite varieties of this species: 

 some are non-pathogenic, others are patho- 

 genic to carp, and still others are patho- 

 genic to eels. 



Source: From Chemnitz tap water (Zim- 

 mermann). Commonly found in water of 

 the River Main (Lehmann and Neumann, 

 op. cit., 238; also see op. cit., 7 Aufl., 2, 1927, 

 47). 



Habitat: Found in water supplies, es- 

 pecially those in which carp, eels and other 

 fishes occur. Causes an infectious edema in 

 carp (Cyprinus) (Schaperclaus, op. cit., 

 1930, 289; see Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 105, 

 1942, 49) and other fishes. 



3. Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester, 

 1901) Stanier, 1943. {Bacillus htjdrophilus 

 fuscus Sanarelli, Cent. f. Bakt., 9, 1891, 

 222; Bacillus hydrophilus Chester, Manual 

 Determ. Bact., 1901, 235; Proteus hydro- 

 philus Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 211; Stanier, Jour. Bact., 46, 1943, 213.) 



hy.dro'phi.la. Gr. noun hydor water; Gr. 

 philus loving; M.L. adj. hydrophilus water- 

 loving. 



Description taken from Emerson and 

 Norris (Jour. Exp. Med., 7, 1905, 32) and 

 from E. M. Miles and A. A. Miles (Jour. 

 Gen. Microbiol., 5, 1951, 299). 



Rods, 0.6 by 1.3 microns, occurring singly 

 and in chains. Motile, with a single polar 



flagellum (Kulp and Borden, Jour, of Bact., 

 U, 1942, 673). Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, gray, 

 translucent, stippled. 



Gelatin stab: Napiform liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Whitish, raised, moist, 

 stippled. 



Horse blood agar colonies: 2 to 3 mm in 

 diameter, round, entire, raised, smooth, 

 moist, semi-translucent, grayish white, 

 forming a dirty brown-yellow coloration 

 after 3 to 5 days at room temperature; 

 marked hemolysis. 



Agar slant : Thin, whitish, glassy, spread- 

 ing, becoming yellowish and opalescent. 



Broth: Turbid, with heavy pellicle. 



Loeffler's serum: Growth abundant, but 

 no digestion. 



Litmus milk: Acid; coagulated; pep- 

 tonized. 



Potato: Yellowish brown, moist, slightly 

 raised. 



Indole is produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonium sulfate, uric acid and aspara- 

 gine may serve as sources of nitrogen. 



Catalase produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Urea not attacked. 



Methylene blue reduced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 fructose, mannose, maltose, sucrose, man- 

 nitol, glycerol and starch. Acid and gas 

 from salicin at 22° C. but not at 37° C. Acid 

 from glycogen and dextrin. Glucose fer- 

 mented with the production of 2,3-butane- 

 diol. Lactose, arabinose, raffinose, rham- 

 nose, dulcitol, sorbitol and inositol not 

 attacked. 



In the fermentation of beet molasses, 

 Murphy, Watson, Muirhead and Barnwell 

 (Canad. Jour. Tech., 29, 1951, 375) found 

 this organism to yield up to 96 per cent of 

 theoretical 2,3-butariediol and acetoin. 

 This is a higher yield than the same authors 

 found for Aerobacter aerogenes. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Gas ratio HjrCOs = 1:4.71. Methyl red 

 negative, acetylmethylcarbinol positive, 

 indole negative, citrate positive (Speck and 

 Stark, Jour. Bact., U, 1942, 697). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



