192 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Produces a characteristic black-rot in 

 hen eggs. 



Pathogenic for frogs, salamanders, fish, 

 mice, guinea pigs and rabbits, causing 

 hemorrhagic septicemia. Causes a hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia in snakes. In this case the 

 disease is transmitted by mites (Camin, 

 Jour, of Parasitol., 34, 1948, 345). 



Source: Isolated from frogs dead of 

 septicemia (red leg). 



Habitat: Water and infected fresh-water 

 animals. 



4. Aeroinonas salmonicida (Lehmann 

 and Neumann, 1896) Griffin, 1954. (Bacillus 

 der Forellenseuche, Emmerich and Weibel, 

 Arch. f. Hyg.jBl, 1894, 1; Bacterium salmoni- 

 cida Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 

 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 240; see Mackie, Arkwright, 

 Pryce-Tannatt, Mottram, Johnston and 

 Menzies, Final Rept. of the Furunculosis 

 Committee, H. M. Stationery Office, Edin- 

 burgh, 1935; Griffin, Trans. Amer. Fish. 

 Soc, 83, (1953) 1954, 241.) 



sal.mo.ni'ci.da. L. noun salmo, salmonis 

 salmon; L. v. suffix -cida from L. v. caedo to 

 cut, kill; M.L. fem.n. salmonicida salmon- 

 killer. 



Description taken from Griffin (Trans. 

 Amer. Fish. Soc, 82 (1952) 1953, 129). 



Rods, 1.0 by 1.7 to 2.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs or 

 in chains. Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: Crateriform to infundibuli- 

 form liquefaction in 1 to 3 days; complete 

 liquefaction in 7 days. Growth filiform, 

 beaded, best at top. Medium turns light 

 brown near the surface of old cultures. 



Agar colonies : Circular, punctiform in 24 

 hours and 1 to 2 mm in diameter in 4 to 5 

 days, convex, entire, semi-translucent. 

 Colonies and medium turn brown in old 

 cultures. 



Agar slant: Growth abundant, butyrous, 

 glistening, filiform, opaque to transparent, 

 odorless, colorless. A soluble, brown, me- 

 lanin-like pigment forms in 3 to 5 days. 

 A bright salmon-pink color develops when 

 i8-2-thienylalanine is present (Griffin, 

 Snieszko and Friddle, Jour. Bact., 65, 1953, 

 658). 



Colonies developed on trypticase agar 

 quickly turn a violet-black color after the 

 addition of 1 per cent aqueous p-phenyl- 

 enediamine (Griffin, Proc. 52nd Gen. Meet- 

 ing, Soc. Ajner. Bact., Boston, 1952, 53; 

 also see Vet. Med., 48, 1953, 280). 



Broth: Moderate to strong clouding; no 

 ring or pellicle; moderate, flocculent sedi- 

 ment. Medium may clear in the upper 

 layers and some growth may adhere to walls 

 of test tubes of old cultures. 



Litmus milk: Slight and temporary acidi- 

 fication. Complete peptonization in one 

 week. 



Rabbit blood agar: Beta-hemolysis in 2 

 days. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced in tryptic digest of 

 casein-yeast extract medium. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Methyl red negative; acetylmethylcarbi- 

 nol not produced; sodium citrate does not 

 serve as a sole source of carbon. 



Urea not attacked. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 maltose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, 

 starch, dextrin, glycogen, salicin, esculin 

 and mannitol. Lactose, sucrose, xylose, 

 rhamnose, trehalose, melibiose, cellobiose, 

 raffinose, melizitose, inulin, amygdalin, 

 methyl glucoside, glycerol, erythritol, 

 adonitol, sorbitol and dulcitol not attacked. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Arginine and methionine are essential 

 for growth; asparagine and leucine are 

 highly stimulative while lysine is only 

 moderately so (unpublished data, Griffin). 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 20° and 25° C. Minimum, 6° C. Maxi- 

 mum, 34.5° C. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Pathogenic for most fresh-water fish, 

 particularly those belonging to Salmonidae. 



Source: From dead fish, of the family 

 Salmonidae, taken from a fish hatchery in 

 Southern Germany. 



Habitat: Found in fresh-water lakes, 

 streams, rivers and fish ponds throughout 

 Europe and also in the United States and 

 Canada. Causes a furunculosis in infected 

 fish; also occurs in apparently normal fish. 



