FAMILY IV. PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



195 



Berlin Aquarium, and he states that it is 

 identical with the one which Fischer ob- 

 tained from this same source; (3) in a later 

 paper (Cent. f. Bakt., S, 1888, 107), Fischer 

 identified the second species, as well as 

 phosphorescent bacteria that he isolated 

 from dead fish from the Baltic and North 

 Seas, as Bacterium phosphorescens. Some 

 authors, e.g. Lehmann and Neumann (Bakt. 

 Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 198; and other edi- 

 tions), Migula (Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 433) 

 and Chester (Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 

 181), when referring to Bacterium phos- 

 phorescens Fischer, quote the supplement 

 to Fischer's paper in the Ztschr. f. Hyg., 2, 

 1887, 92, as the source of the name Bacterium 

 phosphorescens, whereas the first use of this 

 binomial by Fischer was in the Cent. f. 

 Bakt., 3, 1888, 107. This failure to give an 

 exact reference has caused confusion in 

 later publications, especially since Bacillus 

 phosphorescens is the only binomial pro- 

 posed, or even used, by Fischer in his paper 

 published in the Ztschr. f. Hyg., 2, 1887, 

 54-95, which also contains a description of 

 the organism he later identified as Bacterium 

 phosphorescens. Still other writers (Gorham, 

 in Dahlgren, Jour. Franklin Inst., 180, 1915, 

 517 and insert following 714) have used the 

 name Bacillus phosphorescens in lieu of 

 Bacterium phosphorescens, thus augmenting 

 the confusion. 



Relationships to other species of bacteria: 

 Beijerinck regards Photobacterium phos- 

 phorescens Beijerinck as identical with 

 Micrococcus phosphoreus Cohn (Folia Micro- 

 biologica, Delft, 4, 1916, 15, footnote 4) 

 but different from Photobacterium pfleugeri 

 Ludwig (Arch, neerl. d. Sci. exact, et natur., 

 24, 1891, 369). 



Source: Isolated from cod (Gadus cal- 

 larias) from the Baltic Sea; also found on 

 haddock {Melanogrammus aeglifinus) and on 

 lobster (Homarus sp.). 



Habitat: Found on dead fish and in sea 

 water, so far as known. 



2. Photobacterium pierantonii (Zir- 

 polo, 1918) Krassilnikov, 1949. {Micrococcus 

 pierantonii Zirpolo, Boll. del. Societa dei 

 Natural, in Napoli, 31, (1918) 1919, 75; 

 Photobacterium pierantonii, incorrectly 

 ascribed to Bergey et al. by Krassilnikov, 



Guide to the Bacteria and Actinomycetes, 

 Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1949, 

 514.) 



pie.ran.to'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun pier- 

 antonii of Pierantoni; named for Prof. U. 

 Pierantoni, an Italian scientist. 



Original description supplemented by 

 material taken from Meissner (Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 67, 1926, 204). 



Cocci, 0.8 micron in diameter, and short 

 rods, 0.8 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns. Occasionally 

 vacuolated. Motile or non-motile, the 

 motile cells possessing a single flagellum or 

 a tuft of 2 to 4 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, luminous. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. 



Sepia agar colonies: Circular, white, 

 convex, smooth and serrate with an intense, 

 greenish luminescence. 



Egg glj'cerol agar slant: Yellowish green, 

 luminous streak. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose and maltose. 

 Some strains produce acid but no gas from 

 lactose and sucrose. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 33° C. 



Optimum pH for growth, 9.0. No growth 

 at pH 5.0. 



Optimum pH for luminescence, 8.0. No 

 luminescence at pH 5.0. 



Quality of luminescence: Greenish. 



Source: Isolated from the photogenic 

 organ of the cephalopod Rondeletia minor. 



Habitat: Apparently found only in 

 Rondeletia minor but may also be found in 

 closely related species. 



3. Photobacterium fischeri Beijerinck, 

 1889. (Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus, Fis- 

 cher, Cent. f. Bakt., 3, 1888, 107; Beijerinck, 

 Arch, nderl. d. Sci. exact, et natur., 23, 1889, 

 401; Vibrio fischeri Lehmann and Neumann, 

 Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 342; Achromo- 

 bacter fischeri Bergey et al.. Manual, 3rd ed., 

 1930, 220.) 



fisch'er.i. M.L. gen. noun ^sc^e/z of Fis- 

 cher; named for Prof. Bernhard Fischer, 

 one of the earliest students of luminescent 

 bacteria. 



Description taken from Fischer (op. cit., 

 1888, 107), Beijerinck (op. cit., 1889, 401) and 



