200 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Glucose-beer-agar colonies: When in- 

 cubated in CO2 , irregularly circular, entire, 

 convex, about 1 mm in diameter, cream- 

 colored by reflected light, brown by trans- 

 mitted light, thinly butyrous, granular. 



Glucose-beer-agar slant: Normally there 

 is no growth although there may be a slight 

 growth after prolonged incubation. Fili- 

 form or beaded, creamy white, thinly 

 butyrous, non-adherent growth when incu- 

 bated in CO2 . 



Glucose-beer-agar stab: Dense, filiform 

 to beaded growth in stab; no surface growth. 



Yeast extract, sugar-free beer: No 

 growth. 



Beer, 2 per cent glucose: Densely turbid, 

 later becoming clear with a heavy sediment. 



Yeast extract glucose broth: Growth only 

 in deep medium; slight deposit on walls of 

 tube; dense sediment at bottom. 



Indole not produced. 



Glucose and fructose readily fermented; 

 maltose, sucrose, lactose and ethyl alcohol 

 not attacked. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol and diacetyl not 

 produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Anaerobic, microaeroduric (not micro- 

 aerophilic) . 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 30° C.; 

 thermal death point, 60° C. for 5 minutes. 



pH range for growth, 3.4 to 7.5. 



Distinctive characters: Does not grow in 

 any medium unless glucose or fructose is 

 present. 8himwell {loc. cit.) recognizes a 

 non-motile variety of this species. A related 

 or perhaps identical species has been de- 

 scribed as the cause of "cider sickness" in 

 England (see Barker, Ann. Rept. Nat. 

 Fruit and Cider Inst. Long Ashton, 1948). 



A comparative study of cultures of Zymo- 

 monas mobilis, Z. anaerobia and the cider 

 organism made in 1951 shows that these 

 organisms are closely related. Z. anaerobia 

 did show fermentation of sucrose although 

 the cider organism did not show this fer- 

 mentation (Kluyver, personal communica- 

 tion). 



Source: Isolated from beer, from the 

 surface of brewery yards and from the 

 brushes of cask-washing machines. 



Habitat: Plant juices or extracts con- 

 taining glucose. 



Note: Species incertae sedis. Additional 

 species which probably belong in this genus 

 but which have not been well described have 

 been reported from beer and cider. 



Genus VIII. Protaminobacter den Dooren de Jong, 1926 * 



(Bijdrage tot de kennis van het mineralisatieproces. Thesis, Rotterdam, 1926, 159.) 



Pro.ta.mi.no.bac'ter. Gr. sup.adj. protus first; M.L. noun aminum an amine; M.L. 



mas.n. bacter masculine form of Gr. neut.n. bactrum rod or staff; M.L. mas.n. Protaminobacter 



protamine rod. 



Cells motile or non-motile. Capable of dissimilating alkylamines. Pigmentation frequent. 

 Soil or water forms. 



Recently Slepecky and Doetsch (Bact. Proc, 54th Gen. Meeting, Soc. of Amer. Bact., 

 1954, 44) have isolated 23 fresh cultures of polar flagellate organisms that utilize alkyl- 

 amines. Of these, one resembled a known species of Protaminobacter, but all showed the 

 general characters of organisms placed in the genus Pseudomonas. The authors question 

 the recognition of the genus Protaminobacter on a biochemical basis only. 

 The type species is Protaminobacter albofiavus den Dooren de Jong. 



Key to the species of genus Protaminobacter. 



I. Non-motile. Gelatin colonies light yellow to colorless. 



1. Protaminobacter albofiavus. 

 II. Motile. Gelatin colonies red. 



2. Protaminobacter ruber. 



* Prepared by Prof. D. H. Bergey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June, 1929; further re- 

 vision by Prof. Robert S. Breed, New York State Experiment Station, Geneva, New York, 

 July, 1953. 



