206 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Gelatin stab: Saccate liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, white, convex, 

 smooth, glistening, entire. 



Agar slant: Filiform, white, convex, 

 smooth, glistening, entire. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Gas, 

 presumably N2, in fermentation tubes. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



No acid from carbohydrate media. 



Attacks phenol. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, below 30°C. 

 Source: Two strains isolated from soil. 

 Habitat: Probably widely distributed in 

 soil. Possibly also found in marine habitats. 



Note: Species incertae sedis. Other bac- 

 teria from sea water, fresh water and soil 

 have been described as belonging in this 

 genus. Their relationships to the species 

 described by Gray and Thornton (Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 73, 1928, 82) have not yet 

 been definitely established. 



Genus XI. Zoogloea Cohn, 1854.* 

 (Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol. Nat. Cur., 24, 1854, 123.) 



Zo.o.gloe'a. Gr. adj. zous living; Gr. gloea glue; M.L. fem.n. Zoogloea living glue. 



Rod-shaped cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Free-floating forms found in fresh 

 water that contains organic matter. Occur as compact masses or as branched forms. Cells 

 may become detached and motile in which case they are monotrichous. 



The original description of this genus follows : 



Zoogloea. Cellulae minimae bacilliformes hyalinae, gelatina hyalina in massas globosas, 

 uvaeformes, mox membranaceae consociatae, dein singulae elapsae, per aquam vacillantes. 



This may be freely translated as follows : 



Zoogloea. Transparent, very small, rod-shaped cells embedded in transparent, gelatinous, 

 clustered, spherical masses. Afterwards become detached as individuals swimming to and 

 fro in the water. 



Zoogloea termo Cohn, 1854, the tj^pe species (monotypy) of this genus, is generally thought 

 to be unrecognizable. While awaiting further study of this problem by modern methods, it 

 is recommended that Zoogloea ramigera Itzigsohn be accepted as the type species of Zoogloea 

 Cohn. 



1. Zoogloea ramigera Itzigsohn, 1867, 

 emend. Bloch, 1918. (Itzigsohn, Sitzungsber. 

 d. Gesellschaft naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 

 Nov. 19, 1867, 30; Bloch, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 48, 1918, 44-62.) 



ra.mi'ge.ra. L. ramus a branch; L. v. gero 

 to bear; M.L. adj . ramigerus branch-bearing. 



Description taken from Bloch (loc. cit.), 

 who made the first cultural studies of this 

 species, Butterfield (Public Health Reports, 

 50, 1935, 671) and Wattie (Pub. Health Re- 

 ports, 57, 1942, 1519). 



Rods, 1 by 2 to 4 microns, with rounded 

 ends. Numerous cells are found embedded 

 in a gelatinous, branching matrix (see Koch, 

 Beitrage z. Biol. d. Pflanzen, 2, Heft 8, 1877, 

 399, Taf. XIV, and Butterfield, op. cit., 

 1935, plates I-IV). Free cells are motile with 



a single, long, polar flagellum. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Bloch reports no growth at 25° C. on gela- 

 tin, poor growth on nutrient agar, good 

 growth in nutrient broth, weak growth in 

 peptone water, very good growth in hay in- 

 fusions, good growth in yeast extract water, 

 no growth in liquid manure, no growth in 

 beer wort, no growth on potato and no 

 growth on yellow sugar beet. Butterfield re- 

 ports that growth is best in aerated liquid 

 media. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptones. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Methyl red negative; acetylmethylcar- 

 binol not produced. 



* Revised by Mrs. James B. Lackey n^e Elsie Wattie, University of Florida, Gaines- 

 ville, Florida, March, 1954. 



