FAMILY VII. SPIRILLACEAE 



235 



Agar slant: Grayish white, slimy, entire 

 growth. 



Broth: Turbid with flocculent sediment. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Not reported. 



Indole not produced. 



Blood serum peptonized. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, maltose, 

 glycerol and sorbitol. 



Nitrites produced slowly from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from an abscess of the 

 pectoral muscle of an African toad. 



7. Vibrio leonardii Mdtalnikov and 

 Chorine, 1928. (Ann. Inst. Past., Ji2, 1928, 

 1647.) 



le.o.nar'di.i. M.L. gen. noun leonardii of 

 Leonard; named for A. G. Leonard. 



Curved rods with rounded ends, 0.5 to 

 1.0 by 2.0 to 3.0 microns. Motile by means 

 of 1 to 3 polar flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, transparent, circu- 

 lar, having a characteristic odor. 



Broth: Turbid, with thin pellicle. 



Litmus milk: No coagulation, acid, with 

 reduction of litmus. 



Potato: Slight, colorless growth. 



Coagulated blood serum not liquefied. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, ga- 

 lactose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol. No 

 acid or gas from maltose or glycerol. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Habitat: Highly pathogenic for insects 

 such as Galleria mellonella L. (wax moth) 

 and Pyrmista nubialis Hiibn. (European 

 corn borer). 



8. Vibrio niarinopraesens ZoBell and 



Upham, 1944. (Bull. Scripps Inst, of Ocean- 

 ography, Univ. Calif., 5, 1944, 256.) 



ma.ri .no.prae'sens. L. adj. marinus of the 

 sea; L. part. adj. praesens present; M.L. 

 adj. marinopraesens present in the sea. 



Curved rods, 0.4 to 0.5 by 1.2 to 2.4 mi- 



crons, occurring singly and in spiral chains. 

 Polar staining. Motile by means of one or 

 two polar flagella. Gram-negative. 



Note: All differential media except the 

 fresh-water broth, litmus milk and potato 

 were prepared with sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, 1 mm in di- 

 ameter, dense center, brown discoloration 

 of gelatin. 



Gelatin stab: Stratiform above, infundi- 

 buliform below; complete liquefaction in 

 5 days; brown discoloration of gelatin. 



Agar colonies: Convex, circular, 0.5 mm 

 in diameter, entire, translucent. 



Agar slant: Abundant, filiform, glisten- 

 ing, butyrous growth with no pigment. 



Sea-water broth: Heavy turbidity; slight 

 viscid sediment; surface ring. 



Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: Completely decolorized. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide rapidly produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose and maltose. 

 Glycerol, xylose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol 

 and salicin not fermented. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but not 

 from urea. 



Casein not digested. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Isolated from sea water. 



Habitat: Common; probably widely dis- 

 tributed. 



9. Vibrio phytoplanktis ZoBell and 

 Upham, 1944. (Bull. Scripps Inst, of Ocean- 

 ography, Univ. Calif., 5, 1944, 261.) 



phy.to.plank'tis. Gr. neut.n. phylum 

 plant; Gr. adj. plancius wandering; M.L. 

 neut.n. plankton (plancium) plankton; M.L. 

 neut.n. phytoplankton plant plankton; M.L. 

 adj. ^phytoplanktis of the phytoplankton. 



Curved rods, 0.5 to 0.6 by 2.0 to 5.4 mi- 

 crons, occurring mostly singly with some 

 short spiral chains. Bipolar staining. Motile 

 by means of a single polar flagcllum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Note: All differential media except the 



