236 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



fresh-water broth, litmus milk and potato 

 were prepared with sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: Diffuse, irregular; waxy 

 appearance, slightly depressed; rapid lique- 

 faction. 



Gelatin stab: Slow, crateriform, lique- 

 faction becoming stratiform. Buff pigment. 



Agar colonies: 1 to 2 mm in diameter, 

 translucent, smooth, convex, circular. 



Agar slant: Luxuriant, echinulate; water.y 

 appearance; slightly mucoid, glistening 

 growth with buff or cream pigment. 



Sea-water broth: Heavy turbidity; abun- 

 dant, flocculent sediment; surface ring. 



Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: No visible change. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose 

 and sucrose. Glycerol, xylose, lactose, man- 

 nitol and salicin not fermented. 



Starch not hydrolj^zed. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but 

 not from urea. 



Casein is digested. 



Aerobic, facultative (good anaerobic 

 growth). 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Lsolated from sea water and ma- 

 rine phytoplankton. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 



10. Vibrio costicolus Smith, 1938. (Roy. 

 Soc. Queensland, Proc. for 1937, 49, 1938, 



29.) 



cos.ti'co.lus. L. noun, cos/o rib; L. v. colo 

 to dwell; M.L. adj. costicolus rib dwelling 

 (from bacon). 



Curved rods, 0.5 by 2.0 to 4.0 microns; 

 old cells coccoid. Actively motile by means 

 of a single, polar flagellum. Young cultures 

 show pronounced beaded staining. Gram- 

 negative. 



No growth on media which does not con- 

 tain salt. Limit for growth, 2 to 23 per cent 

 NaCl; optimum, 6 to 12 per cent. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. However, 

 some strains liquefy within 2 days at 32° C; 

 these may represent a distinct variety or a 

 separate species. 



Agar colonies: Circular, entire, convex, 

 glistening, non-viscid. 



Agar slant: Abundant, filiform, trans- 

 parent or translucent growth. 



Broth : Pellicle formation varies from 

 absent to pronounced, whitish and non- 

 coherent. 



Litmus milk: Not coagulated. 



Potato: Sparse, moist, brownish growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hj^drogen sulfide produced. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, sucrose, man- 

 nose, mannitol and glycerol. No acid from 

 galactose, lactose, maltose, rhamnose, raf- 

 finose, arabinose, xylose, sorbitol, dextrin, 

 starch or salicin. 



Acetjdmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 30° and 

 35° C; temperature range, 2° to 42° C. 



Related organisms: Robinson (A Possible 

 Explanation of Microbial Halophilism, The- 

 sis, McGill University, 1950, 92 pp.) isolated 

 a similar organism from bacon-curing brines 

 in Canada. At concentrations of 11.7 and 

 17.5 per cent NaCl, cells are spirillum- 

 shaped and sluggishly motile. Pellicle formed 

 on broth. Gelatin liquefied. Acetjdmeth- 

 ylcarbinol produced. Catalase and urease 

 absent. Acid from raffinose and inulin. No 

 acid from mannose, dulcitol, cellobiose, 

 adonitol or ethyl alcohol. Organism will 

 note grow in absence of salts, but NaCl may 

 be replaced by KCl, NaBr, NaoS.Oa , LiCl 

 or MgCU (also see Flannery, Doetsch and 

 Hansen, Jour. Bact., 64, 1952, 713-17). 



Source: Isolated from the tainted ribs 

 of bacon and tank brines in bacon factories 

 in Australia. 



Habitat: Found in cured meats and meat- 

 curing brines. 



11. Vibrio halonitrificans* Smith, 1938. 



* This organism is, in realitj-, a denitrifier, 

 inappropriate. 



not a nitrifier, and therefore this name 



