238 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



on neutral or f eebl}'^ alkaline media : a slight 

 quantity of acid completely prevents growth 

 and the production of luminescence. Lu- 

 minescence occurs on organic matter only 

 when a sufficient proportion of inorganic 

 salt is present. 



Source: Isolated in Holland from coastal 

 sea water, dead sea fish and Crustacea. 



Habitat: Found in coastal sea water, on 

 dead fish, Crustacea and other salt-water 

 animals, on meat and even on soldiers' 

 wounds where they produce no known harm- 

 ful effects. No food poisoning has ever been 

 traced to meat on which these organisms 

 have grown (Niven, Circular No. 2, Amer- 

 ican Meat Inst. Foundation, 1951, 1-11). 



13. Vibrio indicus (Beijerinck, 1889) 

 Lehmann and Neumann, 1896. (Bacillus 

 phosphorescens Fischer, Ztschr. f. Hyg., S, 

 1887, 58; also see Anonymous, Sitzber. d. 

 Gesell. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 1886, 

 162; Photobacterium indicum Beijerinck, 

 Arch. Need. d. Sci. Exact, et Natur., 23, 

 1889, 401; not Photobacterium phosphores- 

 cens Beijerinck, loc. cit.; Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 

 341; Pseudomonas phosphorescens Bergej' 

 et al.. Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 177.) 



in'di.cus. L. adj. indicus of India. 



Description taken from Fischer (op. cit., 

 1887, 58) and Beijerinck (op. cit., 1889, 401). 



Small, thick rods 2 to 3 times as long as 

 wide with rounded ends; occasionally spiral 

 and short, irregularly-curved filamentous 

 forms are found. Motile. Stain lightly with 

 aniline dyes. Gram-negative (Chester, 1897). 



Gelatin colonies: After 36 hours, small, 

 circular, grayish white, punctiform. Lique- 

 faction, forming a slightly concave surface. 



Blood serum: Grayish white, slimy 

 growth. 



Potato: Thin, white laj'er in 2 to 3 days. 



Cooked fish: Abundant growth. Entire 

 surface covered with a grayish white, slimy 

 growth. Bluish white phosphorescence. 



Alkaline broth: Slight turbidity in 24 

 hours. Pellicle in 3 days. 



Acid broth: No turbidity. No phospho- 

 rescence. 



Milk: No growth. 



No gas produced. 



Nitrates not reduced. 



Indigo-blue not readily reduced. 



Not pathogenic for laboratory animals. 



Salt tolerance: To assure phosphorescence 

 and good growth, the osmotic tension of 

 inorganic salt solutions used for cultivation 

 should be equivalent to that produced in a 

 3 per cent sodium chloride solution. 



Optimum temperature for growth and 

 luminescence, between 30° and 32° C. Min- 

 imum, 15° C. 



Aerobic. 



Quality of luminescence: Bluish to green, 

 persisting for 1 to 2 weeks. 



Distinctive character: Luminescence on 

 organic matter occurs only when a sufficient 

 proportion of inorganic salt is present. 



Source: Isolated from sea water of the 

 West Indies. 



Habitat: Found in coastal sea water and 

 on dead fish, Crustacea and other salt-water 

 animals; they are also found on meat and 

 even on soldiers' wounds where they pro- 

 duce no known harmful effects. No food 

 poisoning has been traced to meat on which 

 these organisms have grown (Niven, Cir- 

 cular No. 2, American Meat Inst. Founda- 

 tion, 1951, 1-11). 



14. Vibrio albensis Lehmann and Neu- 

 mann, 1896. (Elbe vibrio, Dunbar, Deutsche 

 med. Wochnschr., 19, 1893, 799; Lehmann 

 and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 

 340; Microspira dunbari Migula, Syst. d. 

 Bakt., 2, 1900, 1013.) 



al.ben'sis. M.L. adj. aZftensj's pertaining 

 to the (river) Elbe. 



Early descriptions merel.y report this 

 organism as morphologically and culturally 

 (except for phosphorescence and patho- 

 genicity) indistinguishable from Vibrio 

 comma. Some of the early workers even 

 failed to observe phosphorescence. Descrip- 

 tion taken from Gorham (in Dahlgren, Jour. 

 Franklin Inst., 180, 1915, table following 

 714) and Warren (Jour. Bact., 49, 1945, 

 549); also see Sonnenschein (Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 123, 1931, 92). 



Curved rods, 1.2 by 2.1 microns, occurring 

 singly and in pairs. Motile b}^ means of a 

 single, polar flagellum. Not encapsulated. 

 Gram-negative. 



