240 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



the inoculation streak, whitish growth along 

 sides. The gel is later much weakened. 



Broth: Slightly turbid. No pellicle. 



Acid from glucose, lactose and maltose. 

 No acid from sucrose or glycerol. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Decomposes cellulose and agar. The pres- 

 ence of one per cent glucose prevents the 

 liquefaction of agar. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Utilizes ammonium salts as a source of 

 nitrogen. 



Aerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C; 

 will grow at 16° but not at 34° C. 



Habitat: Soil. 



17. Vibrio andoii Aoi and Orikura, 1928. 

 (Eine neue Agarzersetzende Bodenbak- 

 terienart, Aoi, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 63, 

 1924, 30; Aoi and Orikura, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 74, 1928, 331.) 



an.do'i.i. M.L. gen .no\in andoii of Andoi; 

 named for Andoi, a Japanese scientist. 



Curved rods with more or less tapering 

 ends, c- or s-shaped, 0.5 to 0.8 by 1.5 to 2.5 

 microns. Motile by means of a single, polar 

 flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No growth. 



Peptone agar media: No growth. 



Peptone broth: No growth. 



Litmus milk: No growth. 



Potato: No growth. 



Ammonium sulfate agar colonies: Puncti- 

 form, circular, concave, surrounded with 

 a clear zone. 



Ammonium sulfate agar slant: Growth 

 grayish, becoming straw-yellow, sinking 

 into the medium as the agar liquefies. 



Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, 

 xylose and "konjac" assimilated. Konjac, 

 a Japanese food in tablets and strips, re- 

 sembles gelatinized agar; it is prepared from 

 the tuber of the konjac plant, Amor-pho- 

 phallus rivieri. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Cellulose and lignin not attacked. 



Xylan decomposed. 



Cellobiose decomposed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 25° and 28° C. Minimum, 8° C. Max- 

 imum, 37° C. 



Optimum pH, between 6.8 and 7.5. 



Distinctive characters : When grown sym- 

 biotically with a second, unnamed species 

 found in rotted manure, the latter species 

 is able to hydrolyze cellulose in straw, prob- 

 ably because the first species (Vibrio andoii) 

 decomposes the xylan that protects the 

 cellulose from the action of the second spe- 

 cies. 



Source: Isolated from rotted stable ma- 

 nure. 



Habitat: Presumably decomposing or- 

 ganic matter. 



18. Vibrio beijerinckii Stanier, 1941. 

 (Tyrosine vibrio of the sea, Beijerinck, Proc. 

 Sect. Sci., Kon. Akad. Vetenschappen, 

 Amsterdam, 13, 1911, 1072; Stanier, Jour. 

 Bact., 42, 1941, 539.) 



beij .er.inck'i.i.M.L. gen. nounbeijerinckii 

 of Beijerinck; named for Prof. M. W. Beije- 

 rinck, the Dutch biologist who first dis- 

 covered this species. 



Small, curved rods, 0.4 to 1.0 by 2.0 to 

 6.0 microns, usually single, sometimes oc- 

 curring in short chains; in older cultures, 

 occur mostly as straight rods. Actively 

 motile by means of polar flagella. Encap- 

 sulated. Gram-negative. 



Sea-water peptone agar colonies : Round, 

 smooth, glistening, mucoid, entire. White 

 to gray in color. After 24 hrs, 3 to 4 mm in 

 diameter. The agar softens and clears for 

 a distance of 3 to 5 mm from the edge of the 

 colony, the outer edge of the gelase field 

 being sharply defined. The colonies eventu- 

 ally grow to as much as 10 mm in diameter 

 with a gelase margin of 2 to 3 cm. 



Sea-water nitrate agar: Growth is slower 

 than with peptone, but pigment production 

 is much more marked. After 48 hours, col- 

 onies are 1 mm in diameter with a dark 

 brown to black center and a colorless mar- 

 gin. Pigmented granules may be seen lying 

 among the cells. 



Sea-water peptone agar slant: Abundant 

 growth after 24 hours, spreading, slightly 

 raised, smooth, glistening, mucoid, dirty- 

 white to dark gray in color. Agar digestion 

 is evidenced onlj' by a general softening of 

 the slant. After several days, a pale brown, 

 diffusible pigment is produced by some 

 strains. 



