FAMILY VII. SPIRILLACEAE 



241 



Sea-water nutrient gelatin slant: Good, 

 filiform, gray growth after 24 hours, with 

 considerable liquefaction. Slant completely 

 liquefied after one week. 



Sea-water nutrient gelatin stab: Fair, 

 filiform growth after 24 hours, best at sur- 

 face. Napiform liquefaction, complete after 

 7 to 10 days. 



Sea-water peptone broth: Heavily turbid 

 after 24 hours. Gray pellicle and flocculent; 

 gray sediment. Later a light brown, soluble 

 pigment is formed. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Very slight or no acid from glucose, ga- 

 lactose, maltose, lactose and cellobiose. 

 Arabinose, xylose and sucrose not fer- 

 mented. Agar is extensively softened but 

 not liquefied. Cellulose, chitin and alginic 

 acid not attacked. 



Starch is rapidly hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia and nitrates utilized as sole 

 sources of nitrogen. 



Urease-negative. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 23° C.; grows 

 between 5° and 30° C. 



Salt range: 0.25 to 6.0 per cent. Optimum, 

 between 2.0 and 4.0 per cent. 



Source: Found in sea-water and, in the 

 winter months, in the plankton; also found 

 in fresh water and in sewage. Isolated both 

 in Holland and in California. Along the 

 coast of California it appears to be the most 

 common species of marine agar-digester. 



Habitat: Widely distributed in sea water 

 and also in fresh water. 



19. Vibrio fuscus Stanier, 1941. (Jour. 

 Bact., 4^, 1941,540.) 



fus'cus. L. adj. fiiscus dark or tawny. 



Small, slightly curved rods, 0.7 by 1.5 to 

 5.0 microns, usually occurring singly, some- 

 times in short chains. Very actively motile 

 by means of a single, polar flagellum. Not 

 encapsulated. Gram-negative. 



Sea-water peptone agar colonies: 1 mm 

 in diameter after 48 hours; round, smooth, 

 glistening, translucent, entire, pale ^yellow 

 and slightly sunken in the agar. Colonies 

 several mm in diameter after 7 days, be- 



coming bright yellow, then pale brown. 

 They are sharply sunken into the agar and 

 are surrounded b}' a narrow, sharply de- 

 fined gelase field. Liquefaction does not 

 occur except on heavily seeded plates. 



Sea-water peptone agar slant : Fair growth 

 after 48 hours, filiform, smooth, glistening, 

 translucent, pale yellow, slightly sunken 

 in the agar. Later a pale yellow, diffusible 

 pigment may be produced, and the streak 

 tends to become light brown in color. On 

 old slants the agar is slightly liquefied. 



Sea-water nutrient gelatin slant: Fili- 

 form, smooth, pale j-ellow growth after 48 

 hours with slight liquefaction; liquefaction 

 almost complete after 7 days. 



Sea-water gelatin stab: Filiform growth 

 after 48 hours with slight liquefaction; col- 

 orless; growth best at surface. Later the 

 liquefaction becomes stratiform and almost 

 complete. 



Sea-water peptone broth: Good growth 

 after 48 hours; turbid with a granular sedi- 

 ment and yellow pellicle. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, 

 lactose, xylose and cellobiose attacked. 

 Arabinose not utilized. Cellulose is attacked 

 to a slight extent, and agar is softened and 

 sometimes liquefied. Chitin and alginic acid 

 are not attacked. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Urease-negative. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. Grows between 5° and 30° C. 



Salt range, 1.0 to 5.0 per cent. Optimum, 

 between 2.0 and 4.0 per cent. 



Source: Found only once in a marine cel- 

 lulose-enrichment culture in California. 



Habitat: Presumably salt water. 



20. Vibrio granii (Lundestad, 1928) 

 Stanier, 1941. (Bacterium granii Lundestad, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 75, 1928, 330; Stan- 

 ier, Jour. Bact., 42, 1941, 538.) 



gra'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun granii of Gran; 

 named for Prof. H. H. Gran, who first de- 

 tected agar-liquef3'ing bacteria. 



Rods, 0.6 to 0.8 by 1.4 to 2.4 microns, with 



