246 



ORDER I. PSEUDOMONADALES 



Blood agar plates (in 10 per cent CO2 

 atmosphere) : Growth. 



Thiol agar (prepared by adding 35.0 gm 

 of granular agar and 0.05 gm of glutathione 

 to 1.0 liter of thiol medium (supplied in 

 dehydrated form by Difco Laboratories) 

 and adjusting the pH to 8.9): Moderate 

 growth. Colonies vary from small (1 mm in 

 diameter), transparent and convex to trans- 

 lucent or opaque, light tan colonies up to 

 3 mm in diameter. Masses of growth are 

 translucent and light gray or light tan. 



Broth: A viscid ring pellicle may appear; 

 faint clouding of the medium occurs; a 

 filmy, stringy deposit may settle out. 



Litmus milk: No growth. 



Potato: No growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates (Bryner 

 and Frank, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 16, 1955, 

 76). 



Blood serum slant: Feeble growth. No 

 liquefaction. 



No gas from carbohydrates. No change 

 or slightl.y acid from glucose, lactose and 

 sucrose. No acid from the following carbo- 

 hydrates when each was added to a medium 

 of beef infusion with peptone, agar and 

 Andrade's indicator: glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, arabinose, raffinose, trehalose, 

 sucrose, maltose, lactose, dextrin, inulin, 

 salicin, dulcitol, mannitol and sorbitol. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Minimum, 15° C. Maximum, 40.5° C. With- 

 stands 55° C. for 5 minutes. 



Strains isolated from cases of abortion 

 are catalase-positive (Bryner and Frank, 

 loc. cit.). 



Salt tolerance: Tolerates 1.5 to 2.0 per 

 cent NaCl in a semisolid medium. 



Bile tolerance: Most strains grow in a 

 semisolid medium containing 10 per cent 

 fresh ox bile; all strains grow in 5 per cent 

 ox bile media (Schneider and Morse, Cor- 

 nell Vet., J!^5, 1955, 84). 



Aerobic to microaerophilic. 



Pathogenicity: Infection with Vibrio 

 fetus (vibriosis) causes abortion in cattle 

 and sheep. Pathogenic for guinea pigs, ham- 

 sters and embryonated chicken eggs (see 

 Webster and Thorp, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 



14, 1953, 118; Ristic and Morse, ibid., 399; 

 and Ristic, Morse, Wipf and McNutt, ibid., 



15, 1954, 309). Non-pathogenic to rabbits, 

 rats and mice when injected intraperitone- 

 ally. 



Source: Twenty-two strains were isolated 

 from the placentas or fetuses of cows having 

 abortion. 



Habitat: Causes abortion in cattle and 

 sheep. 



31. Vibrio coli Doyle, 1948. (Comma- 

 shaped microorganisms. Whiting, Doyle 

 and Spray, Purdue Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. 

 Bull. 257, 1921, 12; Vibrio of swine dysen- 

 tery, Doyle, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 5, 1944, 

 3; Doyle, ibid., 9, 1948, 50.) 



co'li. Gr. noun colum or colon the large 

 intestine, colon; M.L. gen. noun coli of the 

 colon. 



Description taken from Doyle {loc. cit.) 

 and Hauduroy et al. (Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 2nd ed., 1953, 649). 



Curved rods, comma- and sometimes 

 spiral-shaped, 0.2 to 0.5 by 1.5 to 5.0 mi- 

 crons. Motile by means of a single, polar 

 flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Agar colonies: Transparent and color- 

 less. Good growth only when the medium 

 contains 10 per cent of defibrinated blood 

 and when the atmosphere contains 15 per 

 cent CO2 ; abundant growth in the moisture 

 of condensation. 



Gelatin: Not liquefied. 



Litmus milk: No growth; not coagulated. 



Indole not produced. 



Glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose and 

 mannitol not utilized. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated blood serum not hemolyzed. 



Pathogenicity: Injection causes no dis- 

 ease in calves, rabbits, rats, mice, guinea 

 pigs or chickens. Injection causes dj-sentery 

 in swine. 



Source: Isolated from the mucosa of the 

 colon of a swine which had died of dys- 

 entery. 



Habitat: Causes dysentery in swine. 



32. Vibrio jejuni Jones et al., 1931. 

 (Jones, Orcutt and Little, Jour. Exp. Med., 

 53, 1931, 853.) 



