FAMILY VII. SPIRILLACEAE 



251 



II. Growth on glucose and starch agar. 



A. Poor growth on starch agar. 



1. Cream-colored pigment which becomes brown with age is produced on filter paper. 



2. Cellvibrio flavescens. 



B. Abundant growth on starch agar. 



1. Scant growth on glucose agar. 



a. Intense yellow pigment produced on filter paper. 



3. Cellvibrio fulvus. 



2. Abundant growth on glucose agar. 



a. No pigment produced on filter paper. 



4. Cellvibrio vulgaris. 



1. Cellvibrio ochraceus Winogradsky, 

 1929. (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 43, 1929, 549, 601.) 



och.ra'ce.us. Gr. noun ochra ochre; M.L. 

 adj. ochraceus like ochre, rust-colored. 



Plump, curved rods with rounded ends, 

 2.0 to 4.0 microns long, rarely occurring as 

 spirals. Chromatic granule frequently found 

 in center. Motile by means of a single flagel- 

 lum. Gram-negative. 



Produces diffuse, light ochre-colored, 

 mucilaginous colonies on cellulose silica gel 

 medium. 



No action or growth on plain agar. No 

 growth on peptone, glucose, starch or 

 tragacanth gum agar. 



Grows well on hydrocellulose agar without 

 producing clearings. 



Cellulose is oxidized to acid oxycellulose 

 without the production of reducing sub- 

 stances or volatile by-products; a soluble, 

 non-reducing product may be formed. 



Filter paper streaks : Entire paper colored 

 ochre-yellow in 48 hrs. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Distinctive character: Rapid, ochre- 

 colored growth. 



Habitat: Soil. Disintegrates vegetable 

 fibers. 



2. Cellvibrio flavescens Winogradsky, 

 1929. (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 43, 1929, 608.) 



fla.ves'cens. L. v. flavesco to become 

 golden yellow; L. part. adj. flavescens be- 

 coming yellow. 



Plump, curved rods, flexuous, with 

 rounded ends, 0.5 by 2.5 to 5.0 microns. 

 Show metachromatic granules. Motile by 

 means of a single flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Produces diffuse, cream-colored growth 



becoming brownish; mucilaginous colonies 

 on cellulose silica gel medium. 



Good growth on peptone agar. Colonies 



I mm in 4 days. Grows poorly on glucose, 

 starch and gum agars. 



Filter paper streaks: Almost as rapid in 

 growth as Cellvibrio ochraceus and colors 

 entire paper in 2 to .3 days. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Distinctive characters: Smaller, less 

 curved rods which grow on a greater variety 

 of media than Cellvibrio ochraceus but which 

 do not attack cellulose as readily. 



Source: Isolated from a pile of old damp 

 sawdust. A variety of this organism has been 

 isolated from sea water by Kadota (Bull. 

 Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 16, 1951, 63-70). 



Habitat: Soil. Disintegrates vegetable 

 fibers. 



3. Cellvibrio fulvus Stapp and Bortels, 

 1934. (Culture Y, Dubos, Jour. Bact., 15, 

 1928, 230; Stapp and Bortels, Zent. f. Bakt., 



II Abt.,50, 1934,42.) 



ful'vus. L. ad}, fulvus deep yellow. 



Slightly curved rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 1.5 to 

 3.0 microns. Show involution forms. Motile 

 by means of a single, polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Cellulose is decomposed. Grows on filter 

 paper with an intense egg-yellow color 

 which in older cultures may deepen to rust 

 brown. 



Glucose agar: Very scant growth. 



Sucrose agar: Very slight growth. 



Maltose agar: Abundant yellow growth. 



Lactose agar: Fairly abundant yellow 

 growth. 



