268 



ORDER II. CHLAMYDOBACTERIALES 



9. Leptothrix volubilis Cholodny, 1924. 

 {Lynghya epiphytica Hieronymus, in Kirch- 

 ner, in Engler and Prantl, Die naturl. 

 Pflanzenfam., 1, la, 1898, 67; Cholodny, 

 Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 61, 1924, 292; 

 Chlamydothrix epiphytica Naumann, 

 Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesellsch., 46, 1928, 

 141; not Chlamydothrix epiphytica Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 3, 1900, 1033; Leptothrix 

 epiphytica Dorff, Die Eisenorganismen, 

 Pflanzenforschung, Heft 16, 1934, 32; not 

 Leptothrix epiphytica Schoenichen and Kal- 

 berlah, Ej'ferth's Einfachste Lebensfor- 

 men, 3rd ed., 1900, 46.) 



vo.lu'bi.lis. L. adj. volubilis twisting 

 spirally around a support, twining. 



Cells rod-shaped and colorless, measuring 

 1 by 2 microns. The cells are enclosed in 

 long, cylindrical, unbranched trichomes 

 which grow in a spiral fashion around 

 threads of Oe(?o^om?/m, Tolypothrix, etc. The 

 bacterial trichomes are, in turn, surrounded 

 by cjdindrical, ochre-yellow sheaths, about 

 3 microns in diameter, which are encrusted 

 with iron. The cells m&y leave the sheaths as 

 in Leptothrix ochracea. 



Habitat : Found in fresh water containing 

 algae. 



10. Leptothrix skujae Beger, 1953. 

 {Leptothrix tenuissima Skuja, Symbolae 

 Botanicae Upsaliensis, 9, 1948, 33; not 

 Leptothrix tenuissima Naegeli, in Kiitzing, 

 Species Algarum, 1849, 265; Beger, in Beger 

 and Bringmann, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 107, 1953,331.) 



sku'jae. M.L. gen. noun skujae of Skuja; 

 named for H. Skuja, the Swedish algologist 

 who first described this species. 



Unattached trichomes, generally without 

 false branching, spirally wound together, 

 0.3 to 0.4 micron in diameter. The sur- 

 rounding sheath is as much as 18 microns in 

 diameter and tapers toward the tip. Cells 

 rod-shaped and colorless, with a few gran- 

 ules lying in chains. 



Resembles Leptothrix discophora Dorff. 



Source: From Store Halsjon, Prov. Upp- 

 land, Sweden. Found between other water 

 plants and in the plankton. 



Habitat: Found near the shore in lakes. 



11. Leptothrix winogradskii Cataldi, 

 1939. (Estudio Fisiologico y Sistemdtico de 

 Algunas Chlamydobacteriales. Thesis, Uni- 

 versity of Buenos Aires, 1939, 58.) 



wi.no.grad'ski.i. M.L. gen. noun wino- 

 gradskii of Winogradsky; named for S. 

 Winogradsky, a Russian bacteriologist. 



Cells 0.9 micron in diameter. Motile, 

 presumably polar flagellate. Trichomes very 

 long, never attached. Sheath 1.5 microns 

 thick. Not acid-fast. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin not liquefied. 



Iron citrate and ammonium agar colonies: 

 Very filamentous, terminate in spirals, 

 lusterless red. 



Manganese acetate agar colonies: Very 

 filamentous, red to bright chestnut in color. 



Iron citrate and ammonium agar slant: 

 Colonies quite large and distinct, pale 

 white. 



Manganese acetate agar slant: Filaments 

 long, red to chestnut-colored and inter- 

 twined much as are cotton fibers. 



Peptone and manganese acetate broth: 

 Filaments quite long and intertwined like 

 cotton fibers. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Optimum pH, between 5.0 and 9.8. 



Aerobic; growth favored by the presence 

 of COo . 



Source: Isolated from fresh water in the 

 neighborhood of Buenos Aires. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 



12. Leptothrix pseudovacuolata (Per- 

 filiev, 1925) Dorff, 1934. (Spirothrix pseudo- 

 vacuolata Perfiliev, Verh. d. Int. Verein. f. 

 theor. u. angew. Limnologie, 1925, Stutt- 

 gart, 1927; Dorff, Die Eisenorganismen, 

 Pflanzenforschung, Heft 16, 1934, 36.) 



pseu.do. va.cu.o.la'ta. Gr. adj. pseudes 

 false; L. adj. vacuus empty; M.L. noun 

 vacuola a vacuole; M.L. adj. pseudovacuola- 

 tus having false vacuoles. 



