290 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



3. Agrobacteriuni pseudotsugae (Han- 

 sen and Smith, 1937) Savulescu, 1947. {Bac- 

 terium pseudotsugae Hansen and R. E. 

 Smith, Hilgardia, 10, 1937, 576; Savulescu, 

 Anal. Acad. Romane, III, 22, 1947, 10.) 



pseu.do.tsu'gae. Gr. adj. pseudes false; 

 Jap. noun tsuga an evergreen; M.L. fem.n. 

 Tsuga generic name of hemlock; M.L. fem.n. 

 Pseudotsuga false Tsuga, a generic name; 

 M.L. gen. noun pseudotsugae of Pseudotsuga. 



Rods 0.5 to 1.5 by 1.9 to 3.9 microns. 

 Probably motile; type of flagellation 

 doubtful. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Nutrient agar slant: Growth scant, flat, 

 glistening, smooth, translucent, whitish. 



Broth: Growth slight. No sediment. 



Milk: No acid. 



Hydrogen sulfide production slight. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose and maltose. No acid or gas from 

 lactose, sucrose or glycerol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Facultative aerobe. 



Source: Isolated from galls on Douglas 

 fir in California. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on Douglas fir, Pseii- 

 dotsuga taxifolia. 



4. Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et 

 al., 1930) Conn, 1942. {Bacterium rhizo- 

 genes Riker, Banfield, Wright, Keitt and 

 Sagen, Jour. Agr. Res., 4^ , 1930, 536; 

 Conn, Jour. Bact., U, 1942, 359.) 



rhi.zo'ge.nes. Gr. noun rhiza a root; Gr. 

 V. genneo to produce; M.L. adj. rhizogenes 

 root-producing. 



Rods, 0.4 by 1.4 microns, occurring singly. 

 Motile by means of 1 to 4 flagella. Encap- 

 sulated. Not acid-fast. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, smooth, convex, 

 finely granular; optical characters, trans- 

 lucent through gray to almost white. 



Agar slant: Moderate, filiform, translu- 

 cent, raised, smooth, slimy. 



Broth: Turbid, with heavy pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Acid, slow reduction. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Acid but no gas from arabinose, xylose, 

 rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, 



maltose, lactose, salicin and erythritol. No 

 acid or gas from fructose, sucrose, raffinose, 

 melezitose, starch, dextrin, inulin, aesculin, 

 dulcitol or mannitol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 28° C. 



Aerobic. 



Distinctive characters: Agrobacterium 

 rhizogenes differs from Agrobacterium tuvie- 

 faciens by stimulating root formation in- 

 stead of soft, parenchj'^matous crown galls. 

 A. rhizogenes lacks the ability of A. tume- 

 faciens to utilize simple nitrogenous com- 

 pounds as KNO3 . A. rhizogenes absorbs 

 congo red and brom thymol blue slightly 

 and aniline blue not at all. Will not grow 

 on sodium selenite agar (see A. tumefaciens 

 for response to same materials). Does not 

 infect tomato. 



Source : Isolated from hairy-root of apple 

 and other plants. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on apple, etc. 



5. Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand, 

 1940) Starr and Weiss, 1943. {Phyfomonas 

 rubi Hildebrand, Jour. Agr. Res., 61, 1940, 

 694; Starr and Weiss, Phytopath., 33, 1943, 

 316.) 



ru'bi. L. noun rubus the blackberry; L. 

 noun Rubus generic name of blackberry; 

 L. gen. noun rid)i of Rubus. 



Rods, 0.6 by 1.7 microns, occurring singly, 

 in pairs or in short chains. Motile by means 

 of 1 to 4 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Potato -mannitol -agar slants: Growth 

 slow, moderate, filiform, white to creamy 

 white, with butyrous consistency later be- 

 coming leathery. 



Broth: Turbid in 36 to 48 hours. 



Milk: A slight serum zone; pink color; 

 acid and curd formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid from glucose, d-galactose, d-man- 

 nose, d-fructose, d-xylose, d-arabinose, 

 sucrose and maltose. None from lactose 

 (Pinckard, Jour. Agr. Res., 50, 1935, 933). 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ferric ammonium citrate, uric acid, ox- 

 amide, succinimide, 1-asparagine, 1-tyro- 



