FAMILY III. ACHROMOBACTERACEAE 



305 



valine) may also be utilized as carbon 

 sources (Campbell and Williams, loc. cil.). 



Nitrites rapidly produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but not 

 from urea. 



Trimethylamine not produced from tri- 

 methylamine oxide, betaine, choline or 

 acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, 

 Jour. Bact., 62, 1951b, 250). 



Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of 

 sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 

 1951a, 506). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Isolated from sea water and from 

 submerged slides. 



Habitat: Sea water. 



7. Achromobacter guttatus (Zimmer- 

 mann, 1890) Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus 

 guttatus Zimmermann, Bakt. unserer Trink- 

 u. Nutzwasser, Chemnitz, 1, 1890, 56; 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 140.) 



gut.ta'tus. L. adj. guttatus drop-like. 



Description prepared by Dr. J. M. Rush, 

 Clemson Agricultural College, Clemson 

 South Carolina, from the original descrip- 

 tion by Zimmermann, from the emended 

 description of Bergey et al. (loc. cit.), and 

 from a study of 74 freshly isolated cultures. 



Rods, 0.9 to 1.0 micron, occurring singly 

 and in chains. Motile by means of peri- 

 trichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, gray, smooth, 

 entire. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, gray, smooth, en- 

 tire, circular, convex. 



Agar slant: Growth moderate, gra}^ 

 filiform, butyrous. 



Nutrient broth: Turbid. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Light tan, slimy growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in small 

 amounts on lead acetate agar. 



Acid from glucose. No acid or gas pro- 

 duced from other carbohydrates. Sguros 

 and Hartsell (Jour. Bact., 64, 1952, 811) 

 report that the dissimilation of glucose is 

 predominately aerobic in nature. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Methyl red test negative. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Citrate utilized. 



Of 19 amino acids tested, none was re- 

 quired for growth; preformed growth fac- 

 tors also were not required (Campbell and 

 Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951a, 506). 



Ammonium chloride and the 19 amino 

 acids which were tested may serve as 

 sources of nitrogen; the amino acids may 

 also be utilized as carbon sources (Campbell 

 and Williams, loc. cit.). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced slowly from peptone. 



Urease not produced. 



Trimethylamine not produced from tri- 

 methjiamine oxide, betaine, choline or 

 acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, 

 Jour. Bact., 62, 1951b, 250). 



Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of 

 sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 

 1951a, 506). 



Non-hemolj'tic. 



Pathogenicity: Not lethal to white mice 

 when injected in massive doses. Does not 

 produce soft rot on carrots, potatoes or 

 turnips. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. Growth 

 range, 15° to 30° C. 



Comments: Zimmermann emphasizes the 

 resemblance of the gelatin colonies to drops 

 of liquid and reports that spherical spores 

 appear to be formed in chains of cells; 

 spores are not reported by subsequent 

 investigators. Zimmermann also reports 

 that gelatin is liquefied slowly (after 4 

 weeks) . 



Source: Originally isolated from Chem- 

 nitz tap water; also isolated from meat, 

 fish, soil and water. 



Habitat: Apparently widely distributed 

 in water and foodstuffs. 



8. Achromobacter cycloclastes (Gray 

 and Thornton, 1928) Bergey et al., 1930. 

 {Bacterium cycloclastes Gray and Thornton, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 73, 1928, 89; Bergey 

 et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 212.) 



cy.clo.clas'tes. Gr. noun cyclus a ring; 

 Gr. adj. clastus broken; M.L. noun cyclo- 

 clastes a ring breaker. 



Rods, 1.0 to 1.5 by 1.5 to 8.0 microns. 



