306 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Motile by means of 1 to 12 peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, white, raised, 

 smooth, glistening, entire. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. Nail-head 

 growth. 



Agar colonies: Circular to amoeboid, 

 white, flat to convex, smooth, glistening, 

 translucent with opaque center, entire. 



Agar slant: Filiform, pale buff, raised, 

 smooth, glistening, undulate growth. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



No acid from carbohydrate media. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Attacks phenol and naphthalene. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 30° and 

 35° C. 



Source: Three cultures were isolated 

 from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



9. Achromobacter pestifer (Frankland 

 and Frankland, 1888) Bergey et al., 1923. 

 {Bacillus pestifer G. and P. Frankland, 

 Philosoph. Trans. Roy. Soc, London, B, 

 178, 1888, 277; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st 

 ed., 1923, 140.) 



pes'ti.fer. L. noun pestis plague, pes- 

 tilence; L. v. fero to carry; M.L. adj. 

 pestifer plague-carrying. 



Description prepared by Dr. J. M. Rush, 

 Clemson Agricultural College, Clemson, 

 South Carolina, from the original descrip- 

 tion by Frankland and Frankland, from 

 the emended description of Bergey et al. 

 {loc. cit.), and from a study of 102 freshly 

 isolated cultures. 



Rods, 1.0 by 2.3 microns, occurring singly 

 and occasionally in chains. Motile by means 

 of peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Gray, smooth, irregular. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, convex, smooth, 

 translucent. 



Agar slant: Growth moderate, filiform, 

 butyrous, smooth. 



Nutrient broth: Turbid; thin pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Gray, filiform growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced on lead 

 acetate agar. 



No action on carbohydrates. 



Starch not hj^drolyzed. 



Methyl red test negative. 



Acetylmethjicarbinol not produced. 



Citrate not utilized. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia not produced from peptone. 



Urease not produced. 



Trimethylamine oxide not reduced. 



Non-hemolytic. 



Pathogenicity: Not lethal to white mice 

 when injected in massive doses. Does not 

 produce soft rot on carrots, potatoes or 

 turnips. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. Growth 

 range, 10° to 30° C. 



Source: Originally isolated from air; also 

 isolated from water, cabbage, meat and 

 soil. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed 

 in water, soil and foodstuffs. 



10. Achromobacter superficialis (Jor- 

 dan, 1890) Bergey et al., 1923. (Bacillus 

 superficialis Jordan, Report Mass. State 

 Bd. of Health, 1890, 833; Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 144.) 



su.per.fi.ci.a'lis. L. adj. superficialis 

 superficial. 



Original description supplemented by 

 Bergey {loc. cit.) from his private notes. 



Rods, 1.0 by 2.2 microns, occurring singly 

 (Jordan). Motile by means of peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-negative (Bergey). 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, gray, 

 translucent. 



Gelatin stab: Scant surface growth. Slow 

 liquefaction. 



Agar slant: Limited, graj', filiform 

 growth. Abundant growth (Steinhaus, 

 Jour. Bact., 4^, 1941, 771). 



Broth: Slightly turbid. 



Litmus milk: No change; later becomes 

 slightly acid. 



Potato: No growth (Jordan). Limited 

 growth (Bergey). 



Indole not produced (Bergey). 



Of 19 amino acids tested, none was re- 

 quired for growth; preformed growth 

 factors also were not required (Campbell 



