FAMILY III. ACHROMOBACTERACEAE 



307 



and Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951a, 

 506) . 



Ammonium chloride and the 19 amino 

 acids which were tested may serve as sources 

 of nitrogen; the amino acids (except alanine 

 and aspartic acid) may also be utilized as 

 carbon sources (Campbell and Williams, 

 loc. cit.). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Trimethylamine not produced from tri- 

 methylamine oxide, betaine, choline or 

 acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, 

 Jour. Bact., 62, .1951b, 250). 



Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of 

 sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 

 1951a, 506). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. 



Source: Sewage. Gibbons (Contrib. to 

 Canadian Biol, and Fish., 8, 1934, 279) 

 reports this species as occurring in the slime 

 and feces of the cod {Gadus callarias) and 

 dogfish (Sq^ialus acanthias). An organism 

 apparently identical with this species has 

 been found by Steinhaus (op. cit., 1941, 

 764) in the intestines of beetle larvae 

 {Urographus fasciata DeG.). 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed 

 in nature. 



11. Achroinobacter stenohalis ZoBell 

 and Upham, 1944. (ZoBell and Upham, Bull. 

 Scripps Inst, of Oceanography, Univ. of 

 Calif., 5, 1944, 257; Acinetobacter stenohalis 

 Brisou and Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 86, 

 1954, 727.) 



ste.no.ha'lis. Gr. adj. stenus narrow; 

 hals, halis salt; M.L. gen.noun stenohalis of 

 narrow salt (tolerance). 



Rods, 0.8 to 0.9 by 0.8 to 1.6 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in short 

 chains. Non-motile. Encapsulated. Gram- 

 negative. 



All media except the fresh-water broth, 

 litmus milk and potato were prepared with 

 sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: 1 mm in diameter, 

 whitish, circular, convex, entire. No pig- 

 ment. 



Gelatin stab: Very slow, crateriform 

 liquefaction. Napiform in 50 days. 



Agar colonies: Small, circular, opalescent. 



convex with slightly raised margin, smooth; 

 lobate edge. 



Agar slant: Moderate, beaded, glistening, 

 opalescent growth with no pigment. 



Sea-water broth: Moderate turbidity; 

 viscid sediment; no pellicle or ring. 



Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: No visible change. Casein 

 not digested. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



No acid or gas from glucose, lactose, 

 maltose, sucrose, mannitol, glycerol, xylose 

 or salicin. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Non -lipolytic. 



Nitrites slowly produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but not 

 from urea. 



Aerobic, facultative (poor anaerobic 

 growth). 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Isolated from sea water, marine 

 mud and marine phytoplankton. 



Habitat: Sea water. 



12. Achromobacter butyri Bergey et 

 al., 1923. (Micrococcus butyri-aromafaciens 

 Keith, The Technology Quarterly, 10, 1897, 

 247; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 148; Acinetobacter butyri Brisou and Prevot, 

 Ann. Inst. Past., 86, 1954, 727.) 



bu'ty.ri. Gr. noun butyrum butter; M.L. 

 gen.noun butyri of butter. 



Rods, 0.5 to 1.0 micron, nearly spherical, 

 occurring singly and in pairs. Non-motile. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: White, circular, smooth, 

 glistening. 



Gelatin stab: White surface growth; 

 liquefaction with white sediment. 



Agar slant: Abundant, white, glistening 

 growth. 



Broth: Turbid, with ring and sediment. 



Litmus milk: Reaction unchanged. Aro- 

 matic odor. 



Potato: Slow and limited, white growth. 



Of 19 amino acids tested, none was re- 

 quired for growth; preformed growth fac- 

 tors also were not required (Campbell and 

 Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951b, 506). 



