FAMILY III. ACHROMOBACTERACEAE 309 



Indole not produced. Banning, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 8, 1902, 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 396 and 565.) 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, par'vu.lus. L. dim. adj. parvulus very 



glycerol and mannitol. Alkaline reaction small, 



and no gas from sucrose. Very small rods, 0.1 to 0.2 by 0.3 to 0.5 



Nitrites produced from nitrates in 7 days micron. Non-motile. Gram-negative, 



at 26° C. Gelatin plate: Punctiform colonies. No 



Ammonia not produced. liquefaction. 



Diastatic action weak. Agar plate: Punctiform colonies. 



Optimum pH, 7.0. Grows poorly in liquid media. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 26° C. Indole not produced. 



Good growth up to 31° C. Very slight growth No acid from glucose, lactose, sucrose, 



at 37° and at —8° C. glycerol or ethanol in either liquid or solid 



Facultative anaerobe. media. 



Source: Isolated from fresh strawberries Starch not digested, 



from Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Habitat: Unknown. Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Strictly aerobic. 



15. Achromobacter parvulus (Conn, Distinctive character: Causes strong 



1922) Breed, comb. nov. (Culture B, Conn volatilization of ammonia from a mixture 



and Collison, New York Agr. Exp. Sta. of horse manure and urine. 



Bull. 494, 1922, 12; Bacterium parvulum Source: Isolated from manure. 



Conn, ibid., 26; not Bacterium parvulum Habitat: Soil. 



Genus III. Flavobacterium Bergey et al., 1923.* 

 (Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 97.) 



Fla.vo.bac.te'ri.um. L. &di.flavus yellow; Gr. dim.neut.n. bacterium a small rod; M.L. 

 neut.n. Flavobacterium a yellow bacterium. 



Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella or non- 

 motile. Characteristically produce yellow, orange, red, or yellow-brown pigmentation, 

 the hue often depending upon the nutrient medium. Some strains produce only a gray- 

 yellow pigmentation on peptone meat-extract agar, but these have a more pronounced 

 pigmentation on other media, e.g., nutrient gelatin, potato or litmus milk agar. Pigments 

 are not soluble in the medium, and those which have been studied are carotenoid in nature. 

 Commonly proteolytic. Fermentative metabolism usually is not conspicuous; acid re- 

 actions commonh' do not develop from carbohydrates when available nitrogen-containing 

 organic compounds are in the medium. Gas is not produced from carbohydrates according 

 to the usual cultural tests. Nutritional requirements usually are not complex. Aerobic 

 to facultatively anaerobic. Occur in water and soil. Some species are pathogenic. 



The type species is Flavobacterium aquaiile (Frankland and Frankland) Bergey et al. 



Key to the species of genus Flavobacterium. 



I. Non-motile. 



A. Produce a pigmentation which varies with the cultural conditions. 

 1. Litmus milk modified. Gelatin liquefied. 



a. Litmus milk peptonized. Yellow to orange pigmentation produced on potato, 

 b. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Litmus milk slowly peptonized. No 

 growth at 37° C. 



1. Flavobacterium aquatile. 



* Prepared by Prof. Owen B. Weeks, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of 

 Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, and Prof. Robert S. Breed, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, 

 October, 1954. 



