FAMILY III. ACHROMOBACTERACEAE 



313 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Repeatedly isolated from living 

 halibut obtained at 30 to 50 fathoms, Pacific 

 Ocean. Also isolated by Gibbons (Contrib. 

 to Canadian Biol, and Fish., 8, 1934, 279) 

 from cod (Gadus callarias) and dogfish 

 (Squalus acanthias) . 



Habitat: Found on the skin of sea fish. 



3. Flavobacterium ferrugineum Sick- 

 les and Shaw, 1934. (Jour. Bact., 28, 1934, 

 421.) 



fer.ru. gi'ne.um. L. adj. ferrugineus 

 resembling iron rust. 



Small, slender rods, less than 0.5 by 0.7 

 to 1.0 micron, occurring singly and in pairs. 

 Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction in one week at 

 37° C.; at room temperature liquefaction 

 slower, napiform; j'ellow sediment along 

 line of puncture. 



Blood agar colonies: Dull, rust-colored, 

 1 mm in diameter, round, entire, umbilicate, 

 rather dry. 



Agar colonies: Similar to blood agar 

 colonies but yellowish gray in color. 



Blood agar slants: Moderate, rust- 

 colored, rather dry growth. 



Agar slants: Growth verj' slight, thin, 

 yellowish graj'. 



Beef -infusion broth: No growth. 



Beef extract broth: Moderate, even tur- 

 bidity. Adding non-type-specific carbo- 

 hydrate (pneumococcus) results in a heavier 

 growth with yellow sediment. 



Litmus milk: Soft curd (2 weeks); slight 

 reduction of litmus; no change in reaction. 



Potato: Moderate growth, bright orange 

 in color. Potato darkened. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, maltose, dextrin and inulin; very 

 slight action on mannitol; no action on 

 salicin. 



Verj' active hydrolysis of starch. 



Limits of growth: Optimum pH, between 

 7.0 and 7.5. Minimum, 6.5. Maximum, 9.0. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 35° and 37° C. Minimum, 22° C. 

 Maximum, 39° C. Thermal death point, 

 52° C. for 10 minutes. Enzyme produced by 

 strain against pneumococcus carbohj^drate 

 withstands 56° C. foi 10 minutes. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Distinctive character: Decomposes the 

 non-t}'pe-specific carbohydrate obtained 

 from a degraded type I pneumococcus. 



Source: Several strains were isolated 

 from swamps and other uncultivated soils. 



Habitat: Soil. 



4. Flavobacterium arborescens (Frank- 

 land and Frankland, 1889) Bergey et al., 

 1923. {Bacillus arborescens Frankland and 

 Frankland, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 6, 1889, 379; 

 also see Tils, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 9, 1890, 312; 

 and Wright, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1894, 

 446, var. a and b; Bergey et al.. Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 113.) 



ar.bo.res'cens. L. part. adj. arborescens 

 becoming tree-like. 



Rods, 0.5 by 2.5 microns, occurring singly 

 and in chains. Long, wavy threads are 

 formed in broth. Non-motile (Frankland 

 and Frankland). Gram-negative (Zimmer- 

 mann, Bakt. unserer Trink- u. Nutzwiisser, 

 2, 1894, 20). 



Gelatin colonies: Colonies at first fila- 

 mentous and branching as seen under low 

 magnification. Center becomes yellowish 

 and the border becomes translucent and 

 arborescent. 



Gelatin stab: Liquefaction with yellow 

 deposit. 



Agar slant: Slow, dirty orange growth. 



Broth: Turbid; yellow sediment; no 

 pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Slow coagulation; litmus 

 reduced. Reaction neutral (Wright, op. 

 cit., 1894, 447). 



Potato: Deep orange, luxuriant growth. 



No growth in nitrate solution; nitrites 

 not produced. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Ravenel (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 8, 1896, 

 39) reports a non-liquefying strain of this 

 species. This may have been Flavobacterium 

 solare Lehmann and Neumann. 



Source: Isolated from river and lake 

 water. 



Habitat: Water. 



5. Flavobacterium balustinum Har- 

 rison, 1929. (Canadian Jour, of Research, 

 1, 1929, 234.) 



