318 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Yellow, spreading growth which 

 turns brownish. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid from glucose in nutrient broth 

 (Mindach, Butler University Botanical 

 Studies, 9, 1949, 21). 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. Brownish 

 colors develop best at lower temperatures; 

 orange-yellow colors develop best at 37° C. 



Habitat: Soil. 



16. Flavobacterium halohydrium Zo- 



Bell and Upham, 1944. (Bull. Scripps Inst, 

 of Oceanography, Univ. of Calif., 5, 1944, 

 278.) 



ha.lo.hy'dri.um. Gr. noun hals salt; Gr. 

 noun hydor water; Gr. dim.noun hydrium a 

 small quantity of water; M.L. noun halo- 

 hydrium (probably intended to mean) salt 

 water. 



Short rods, 0.6 by 0.8 to 1.0 micron, oc- 

 curring singly. Motile by means of many 

 peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



All media except the fresh-water broth, 

 litmus milk and potato were prepared with 

 sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, orange. 



Gelatin stab: Napiform liquefaction be- 

 coming crateriform. Beaded along line of 

 stab. 



Agar colonies: 2 mm in diameter, pul- 

 vinate, circular, entire, smooth. 



Agar slant: Moderate, glistening, echinu- 

 late, butyrous growth with j^ellow pigment. 



Sea-water broth: Yellow surface ring; 

 heavy turbidity; moderate, viscid sediment. 



Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: No visible change. 



Very poorly tolerant of increases or de- 

 creases in salinity. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, 

 maltose, sucrose and salicin. Does not fer- 

 ment glycerol, mannitol or xylose. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Casein is hydrolyzed. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but not 

 from urea. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Source: Isolated from sea water and ma- 

 rine mud. 



Habitat: Sea water. 



17. Flavobacterium neptunium ZoBell 

 and Upham, 1944. (Bull. Scripps Inst, of 

 Oceanography, Univ. of Calif., 5, 1944, 278.) 



nep.tu'ni.um. Gr. adj. neptunius pertain- 

 ing to Neptune; named for Neptune, mythi- 

 cal god of the sea. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.6 by 1.6 to 4.5 microns, 

 occurring singly and in short chains; many 

 cells are bent rods. Motile by means of long, 

 peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



All media except the fresh-water broth, 

 litmus milk and potato were prepared with 

 sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, darker 

 centers, sink in gelatin, faintly yellow. 



Gelatin stab: Slow, napiform liquefaction. 

 Filiform growth along line of stab. 



Agar colonies: 2 mm in diameter, circu- 

 lar, smooth, entire, convex, dark centers 

 with buff pigment. 



Agar slant: Luxuriant, echinulate, glis- 

 tening, slightly mucoid growth with buff 

 to yellow pigment. Agar discolored brown. 



Sea-water broth: Heavy pellicle; scant 

 turbidity; scant sediment. 



Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: No visible change. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, 

 maltose and salicin. Does not ferment gly- 

 cerol, mannitol, xjdose or sucrose. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Casein not hydrolyzed. 



Non-lipolytic. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but not 

 from urea. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



