330 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



maltose, sucrose, mannose, trehalose and 

 cellobiose. No acid from lactose, dextrin, 

 arabinose, rhamnose, xjdose, raffinose, 

 inulin, salicin, dulcitol, inositol, melezitose 

 or adonitol. 



Glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, 

 lactose, dextrin, mannose, arabinose, rham- 

 nose, xylose, raffinose, inulin, mannitol, 

 salicin, dulcitol, galactose, trehalose, ino- 

 sitol, cellobiose, melezitose, adonitol, 

 glycogen, starch, chitin, asparaginate, 

 succinate, malate, lactate, pyruvate (0.3 

 per cent), acetate, /S-alanine, glucosamine, 

 ethanol, methanol and tertiary butanol are 

 utilized as carbon sources. Fumarate (0.5 

 per cent), malonate, tartrate, citrate, 

 levulinate, propionate, salicylate, valerate, 

 oxalate, butyrate, mandelate, benzoate 

 (0.5 per cent), n-amyl alcohol, iso-amyl 

 alcohol, n-propanol and lumichrome are 

 not utilized as carbon sources. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Chitin is hydrolyzed. 



Non -lipolytic. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia is produced from peptone. 



Urease-positive. 



Casein not hydrolyzed. 



Trimethylamine not produced from tri- 

 methylamine o.xide, choline or betaine. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 30° C. Growth at 4° C. 



Source: Isolated from marine mud. 



Habitat: Found in sea water. 



3. Beneckea chitinovora (Benecke, 

 1905) Campbell, comb. nov. (Bacillus chiti- 

 novorus Benecke, Bot. Zeitung, 63, 1905, 

 227.) 



chi.ti.no'vo.ra. M.L. noun chitinum 

 chitin; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. 

 chitinovorus chitin-destroying. 



Rods, 0.75 by 2.0 microns, occurring 

 occasionally in pairs and in chains. Motile 

 by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin stab: Liquefaction. 



Mineral agar containing chitin: Good 

 growth if no sugar is added to produce acid. 

 Non-chromogenic. 



Peptone mineral agar containing chitin: 



Good growth if reaction is neutral to 

 slightly alkaline. 



Peptone broth: Turbid with heavy, 

 slimy, whitish to brownish pellicle. 



Acid from glucose and sucrose. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia produced in peptone-chitin 

 media. 



Salt in concentrations up to 1.5 per cent 

 is favorable for growth. Maximum, 4 per 

 cent. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Source: Isolated at Kiel from media 

 containing decomposing crab shells and 

 from media containing purified chitin; also 

 from soil. 



Habitat: Brackish water and soil. 



4. Beneckea hyperoptica (Campbell 

 and Williams, 1951) Campbell, comb. nov. 

 (Achromobacier hyperopticum Campbell and 

 Williams, Jour. Gen. Microbiol., 5, 1951, 

 894.) 



hy.per.op'ti.ca. Gr. adj. hyperopticus 

 disdainful. 



Small rods, 0.2 bj^ 0.6 micron, occurring 

 singly and in small clumps. Motile b^^ means 

 of peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: Crateriform liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, punctiform, glisten- 

 ing, opaque, non-pigmented. 



Agar slant: Beaded, glistening, opaque, 

 non-pigmented growth. 



Broth: Moderately turbid; surface ring 

 adherent to the walls of the tubes; slightly 

 stringy sediment. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline, with slight pepto- 

 nization in 4 days. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose, 

 mannose, trehalose and cellobiose. No acid 

 from fructose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, 

 arabinose, dextrin, rhamnose, xylose, raffi- 

 nose, inulin, mannitol, inositol, melezitose 

 or adonitol. 



Glucose, sucrose, dextrin, mannose, 

 raffinose, galactose, cellobiose, starch, 

 glycogen, chitin, glucosamine and acetate 

 are utilized as carbon sources. Succinate, 

 malate, fumarate (0.5 per cent), lactate, 

 malonate, tartrate, citrate, pyruvate (0.3 

 per cent), levulinate, /3-alanine, asparagin- 



