338 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



tal tract and diarrhea in infants. Invades 

 the circulation in agonal stages of diseases. 



la. Escherichia coli var. communis 

 (Escherich, 1885) Breed, comb. nov. (Bac- 

 terium coli commune Escherich, Fortschr. 

 d. Med., 3, 1885, 518.) 



Includes strains of Escherichia coli which 

 do not ferment sucrose or salicin. See 

 Topley and Wilson (Princ. of Bact. and 

 Immun., /, 1931, 446). 



Source: Isolated from feces. 



lb. Escherichia coli var. acidilactici 

 (Topley and Wilson, 1931) Yale, 1939. 

 (Milchsaurebacterium, Hueppe, Mit. d. 

 kais. Gesund., 2, 1884, 340; Bacillus acidi 

 lactici Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 1885, 87; Esch- 

 erichia acidilactici Bergey et al., Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 199; Bacterium coli var. acidi 

 lactici Topley and Wilson, Princ. of Bact. 

 and Immun., 1, 1931, 446; Yale, in Manual, 

 5th ed., 1939, 393.) 



Includes strains of Escherichia coli which 

 do not attack sucrose or salicin. It is gen- 

 erally thought that Hueppe's cultures were 

 contaminated with a spore-former. 



Source: Isolated from milk. 



Ic. Escherichia coli var. neapolitana 

 (Topley and Wilson, 1931) Yale, 1939. 

 (Neapeler Bacterien, Emmerich, Deut. 

 med. Wochnschr., 10, 1884, 299; Bacillus 

 neapolitanus Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 

 1886, 270; Escherichia neapolitana Castellani 

 and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 

 1919, 942; Bacterium coli var. neapolitanum 

 Topley and Wilson, Princ. of Bact. and 

 Immun., 1, 1931, 446; Yale, in Manual, 5th 

 ed., 1939, 393.) 



Includes strains of Escherichia coli which 

 ferment sucrose and salicin. 



Source: Isolated from cholera patients 

 and cadavers; originally thought to be the 

 cause of cholera. 



Id. Escherichia coli var. communior 

 (Topley and Wilson, 1931) Yale, 1939. 

 (Bacillus coli communior Durham, Jour. 

 Exp. Med., 5, 1900, 353; Bacterium coli var. 

 communior Topley and Wilson, Princ. of 

 Bact. and Immun., 1, 1931, 446; Yale, in 

 Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 393.) 



Includes strains of Escherichia coli which 

 ferment sucrose but not salicin. Levine 

 (Iowa Eng. E.xp. Sta. Bull. 62, 1921, 38) 

 recognizes a strain which ferments salicin. 



Source: Isolated from feces. 



2. Escherichia aurescens (Parr, 1937) 

 Malligo et al., 1955. (Bacterium aurescens 

 Parr, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., 85, 

 1937, 563; not Bacterium aurescens Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 466; Malligo, Parr 

 and Robbins, Jour. Bact., 70, 1955, 498.) 



au.res'cens. L. v. auresco to gild, to be- 

 come golden; L. part. adj. aurescens becom- 

 ing golden. 



Rods similar in shape, size and arrange- 

 ment with those of Escherichia coli. Motile. 

 Not encapsulated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Golden brown to red, 

 insoluble, carotenoid pigment produced. 

 Red develops best on a Bacto-peptone, 

 Leibig's meat extract agar. 



Broth: Pigmented sediment. 



Litmus milk: Acidified and coagulated as 

 in Escherichia coli. 



Indole is produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, lactose, 

 salicin, galactose and mannitol. Sucrose, 

 dulcitol, cellobiose, alpha-methyl-d-gluco- 

 side, inositol, raffinose, inulin and adonitol 

 not attacked. Power to produce gas from 

 sugars may be lost. 



The products of the anaerobic dissimila- 

 tion of glucose are ethanol, formic, acetic, 

 lactic and succinic acids, carbon dioxide 

 and hydrogen (Neish, personal communica- 

 tion, 1954). 



Methyl red test is positive. 



Voges-Proskauer test is negative. 



Citrate not utilized as a sole source of 

 carbon. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Grows well at 22° and 37° C. 



Distinctive characters: Golden brown, 

 reddish yellow or red pigment, depending 

 on the medium. Pigments are yellow-orange, 

 carotenoid pigments, not like the pro- 

 digiosin of Serratia. Power to produce pig- 

 ments may be lost. 



Source: Isolated from human feces 



