342 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



II. Glj^cerol fermented with the production of no visible gas. Gelatin liquefied. 



2. Aerobacter cloacae. 



1. Aerobacter aerogenes (Kruse, 1896) 

 Beijerinck, 1900. (Bakterium lactis aerogenes 

 (sic) Escherich, Fortschr. d. Med., 3, 1885, 

 520; Bacillus aerogenes Kruse, in Fliigge, 

 Die Mikroorganismen, 2, 1896, 340; not 

 Bacillus aerogenes Miller, Deutsche rriied. 

 Wochnschr., 1£, 1886, 119; Bacterium 

 aerogenes Chester, Ann. Rept. Del. Col. 

 Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 53; not Bacterium 

 aerogenes Miller, op. cit., 1886, 119; Beije- 

 rinck, Arch, neerl. d. sci. exact, et nat., 4, 

 1900, 1.) 



a.e.ro'ge.nes. Or. mas.n. aer air, gas; Gr. 

 V. gennaio to produce; M.L. adj. aerogenes 

 gas-producing. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly. Frequently encapsulated. 

 Usually non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Thick, porcelain-white, 

 opaque, moist, smooth, entire. 



Gelatin stab: Thick, spreading, white, 

 opaque surface growth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Thick, white, raised, moist, 

 smooth, entire; more convex than those of 

 Escherichia coli and often mucoid. 



Agar slant: Abundant, thick, white, 

 moist, glistening, spreading growth. 



Broth: Turbid; pellicle; abundant sedi- 

 ment. 



Litmus milk: Acid with coagulation; no 

 peptonization. 



Potato: Thick, yellowish white to yel- 

 lowish brown, spreading growth with 

 nodular outgrowths over the surface. 



Indole may or may not be produced (Ford, 

 Studies from the Royal Victoria Hospital, 

 Montreal, 1, 1901-1903, 16; Bardsley, Jour, 

 of Hyg. (Eng.), 34, 1934, 38; Wilson, IVIed. 

 Res. Council, London, Spec. Rept. Ser. 206, 

 1935, 161). 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced in peptone 

 iron agar (Levine, Epstein and Vaughn, 

 Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 24, 1934, 505; 

 Tittsler and Sandholzer, Amer. Jour. Pub. 



Health, 27, 1937, 1240). More sensitive 

 indicators give positive tests for hydrogen 

 sulfide (Hunter and Weiss, Jour. Bact., 35, 

 1938,20). 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, arabinose, lactose, maltose, 

 rafiinose, cellobiose, salicin, esculin, starch, 

 dextrin, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol and 

 inositol; a-methyl-glucoside is usually 

 fermented (Koser and Saunders, Jour. Bact., 

 24, 1932, 267). Sucrose, inulin, dulcitol and 

 adonitol may or may not be fermented. 

 Protopectin not fermented. Variable fer- 

 mentation of sucrose and mannitol (Sher- 

 man and Wing, Jour. Bact., 33, 1937, 315). 



Gas ratio : Two or more volumes of carbon 

 dioxide to one of hydrogen are produced 

 from glucose (Harden and Walpole, Proc. 

 Roy. Soc, Series B, 77, 1905, 399; Rogers, 

 Clark and Davis, Jour. Inf. Dis., 14, 1914, 

 411). 



Trimethylenegh'col not produced from 

 glycerol by anaerobic fermentation (Braak, 

 Onderzoekingen over Vergisting van Glyc- 

 erine. Thesis, Delft, 1928, 212; Werkman and 

 Gillen, Jour. Bact., 23, 1932, 167). 



Methyl red test negative (Clark and 

 Lubs, Jour. Inf. Dis., 17, 1915, 160); Voges- 

 Proskauer test positive (Durham, Jour. 

 Exp. Med., 5, 1901, 373); inverse correlation 

 between methyl red and Voges-Proskauer 

 tests (Levine, Jour. Bact., 1, 1916, 153). 



Citric acid and salts of citric acid may be 

 utilized as sole sources of carbon (Koser, 

 Jour. Bact., 8, 1923, 493). 



Uric acid may be utilized as a sole source 

 of nitrogen (Koser, Jour. Inf. Dis., 23, 1918, 

 377). 



Sodium hippurate is hydrolyzed (Hajna 

 and Damon, Amer. Jour. Hyg., 19, 1934, 

 545) . 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 

 - Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic, facultativelv anaerobic. 



ter for differentiating species due to occasional loss of gelatin-liquefying ability. This was 

 confirmed by Levine (Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 7, 1917, 784), who reports that the two char- 

 acters do not correlate perfectly. Griffin and Stuart (Jour. Bact., 40, 1940, 93 ff.) find a 

 similar correlation of characters but feel that, because these characters do not correlate 

 perfectly, it would be better to combine the two species into a single species. 



