348 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose. Characteris- 

 ticall}', lactose is fermented in 7 to 10 days 

 (sometimes earlier, sometimes in 3 weeks, 

 rarely not at all). Salicin rarely fermented. 

 Adonitol, dulcitol, inositol and sucrose not 

 attacked. 



Methyl red test is positive. 



Acet.ylmeth.ylcarbinol not produced. 



Ammonium citrate utilized as a sole 

 source of carbon. 



Urea not hydrolyzed. 



Serology: Ninety-seven serotypes, with 

 their antigenic formulas, are listed by 

 Edwards and Ewing (Identification of 

 Enterobacteriaceae. Burgess Pub. Co., Min- 

 neapolis, 1955, 89). These authors stress the 

 strong serological relationship between this 

 species and those in the genus Salmonella. 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs and rabbits. 



Comment: Kauffmann {Enterobacteriaceae. 

 Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 2nd ed., 1954, 

 147) proposed the generic name Arizona for 

 the organisms in the Arizona Group but did 

 not name a type species. 



Source : Isolated by Caldwell and Ryerson 

 (op. cit., 1939, 245) from horned lizards, 

 Gila monsters and chuckawallas. Found in 



snakes by Hinshaw and McNeill (Cornell 

 Vet., 34, 1944, 248). Also reported by Ed- 

 wards (op. cit., 1945, 513) and by Edwards 

 et al. (Canad. Jour. Microbiol., 2, 1956, 281) 

 from infants. 



Habitat: Apparently widely distributed 

 in lizards, snakes and warm-blooded ani- 

 mals. 



4. Paracolobactrum coliforme Borman 

 et al., 1944. (Para-coli, Stuart, Wheeler, 

 Rustigian and Zimmerman, Jour. Bact., 4S, 

 1943, 117; Borman, Stuart and Wheeler, 

 Jour. Bad., 48, 1944,361.) 



co.li.for'me. Gr. noun colwn the colon, 

 here used in the genitive in reference to the 

 specific epithet coli; L. noun forma appear- 

 ance; M.L. adj. coliformis resembling 

 (Escherichia) coli. 



Characters as for Escherichia coli Castel- 

 lani and Chalmers except for consistently 

 delayed fermentation of lactose. 



Source: Isolated from cases of human 

 gastroenteritis. 



Habitat: Found in surface water, soil, 

 grains and the intestinal tracts of animals, 

 including man. 



Genus V. Alginobacter Thj^tta and Kdss, 1945.* 



(Thj0tta and K^ss, Norske Videnskaps-Akad., Oslo, IMat.-Naturv. Klasse, No. 5, 1945, 17; 

 also see K&ss, Lid and Molland, ibid., No. 11, 1945, 15.) 



Al.gi'no.bac.ter. M.L. noun acidum alginicum alginic acid; M.L. mas.n. bacter the mas- 

 culine equivalent of the Gr. neut.n. bactrum a rod; M.L. mas.n. Alginobacter the alginic acid 

 (-decomposing) rod. 



Short rods which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Acetylmethylcarbinol 

 production is positive although faint. Methyl red test is positive. Citric acid may be uti- 

 lized as a sole source of carbon. Alginic acid and glucose are decomposed with the production 

 of acid and gas; lactose is more slowly fermented. Non-pathogenic organisms from soil. 



The type species is Alginobacter acidofaciens K&ss, Lid and Molland. 



1. Alginobacter acidofaciens Kass et Short rods occurring singly, occasionally 



al., 1945. (K&ss, Lid and Molland, Avhandl. 

 Norske Videnskaps-Akad., Oslo, I Mat.- 

 Naturv. Klasse, No. 11, 1945, 17.) 



a.ci.do.fa'ci.ens. L. adj. acidus sour; 

 M.L. neut.n. acidum acid; L.v. facio to 

 make; M.L. part. adj. acidofaciens acid- 

 producing. 



in pairs or short chains. Encapsulated. 

 Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



Good growth on ordinary media. 



Gelatin: Good growth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Large, smooth, coniform. 

 No pigment produced. 



* Prepared by Prof. Th. Thj0tta, Microbiological Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo, 

 Norway, January, 1955. 



