FAMILY IV. ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



351 



cc. Does not grow in Uschinsky's solution. 



16. Erwinia mangiferae. 

 2. Gelatin not liquefied. 



17. Erwinia rhapuntici. 



1. Erwinia aiiiylovora (Buirill, 1882) 

 Winslow et al., 1920. (Micrococcus ainylovo- 

 nis Burrill, Illinois Indust. Univ., 11th 

 Rept., 1882, 142; Winslow et al.. Jour. Bact., 

 5, 1920, 209.) 



a.my.lo'vo.ra. Gr. noun (niiyhnn fine 

 meal, starch; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. 

 adj. amylovorus starch-destroying. 



Description taken mainly from Ark 

 (Phytopath., 37, 1937, 1). 



Rods, 0.7 to 1.0 by 0.9 to 1.5 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and sometimes in 

 short chains. Motile by means of peritri- 

 chous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Circular, whitish, amor- 

 phous, entire. 



Gelatin stab: Slow crateriform lique- 

 faction confined to the upper layer. 



Agar colonies: Circular, grayish white, 

 moist, glistening; irregular margins. 



Broth: Turbid; thin, granular pellicle. 



Potato: Growth white, moist, glistening. 

 Medium not softened. No odor. No pigment. 



Litmus milk: Coagulated after 3 to 4 

 days to a pasty condition, with a separation 

 of whey. At first acid, becoming alkaline. 

 Litmus reduced. There is a gradual digestion 

 of the casein. 



Blood serum: Growth similar to that on 

 agar. No liquefaction. 



Dunham's solution: Rapid growth, but 

 clouding not dense. 



Indole not produced. 



Growth in synthetic media containing 

 (NH4)2HP04 , which serves as a source of 

 nitrogen, and various carbohj^drates. 



Acid without gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 arabinose, mannose, fructose, maltose, 

 cellobiose, raffinose, salicin and amygdalin. 

 Xylose, rhamnose, dulcitol and starch not 

 fermented. Acid production from lactose 

 and galactose variable. Utilizes salts of 

 citric, malic and hippuric acids. Action on 

 salts of lactic and succinic acids variable. 

 Salts of benzoic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, 

 tartaric and valeric acids are not utilized. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Most of the strains give a positive test 

 for ammonia in broth, a few show only a 

 slight positive test. 



Asparagine fermented with production 

 of alkali. Glycine, valine, isoleucine, glu- 

 tamic acid, cystine, tyrosine, tryptophane 

 and urea not fermented. 



Minimum temperature, between 3° and 

 8° C. Maximum, below 37° C. 



Optimum pH, 6.8. Minimum pH, between 

 4.0 and 4.4. Maximum pH, 8.8. 



Source: Isolated from the blossoms, leaves 

 and twigs of pear and apple trees. 



Habitat: Attacks a large number of 

 species in several tribes of the family 

 Rosaceae (Elliott, Manual Bact. Plant 

 Pathogens, 1951, 30). 



2. Erwinia vitivora (Baccarini, 1894) du 

 Plessis, 1940. (Bacillus vitivora Baccarini, 

 Bull, della Soc. Bot. Ital., 1894, 235; du 

 Plessis, Dept. Agr. and Forestry Union of 

 S. Africa, Science Bui. 214, 1940, 58.) 



vi.ti'vo.ra. L. noun viiis the grape vine; 

 L. V. voro to devour; M.L. adj. vitivorus 

 grape-vine-destroying. 



Rods, 0.74 (0.44 to 1.10) by 1.46 (0.95 to 

 2.19) microns. Cells sometimes dumbbell- 

 shaped. Motile by means of peritrichous 

 flagella. Encapsulated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: First punctiform, irregu- 

 larly circular or lenticular, ultimately 

 circular, raised to pulvinate, glistening, 

 spreading, light to orange-yellow. Agar 

 becomes brown. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hrs; whitish to 

 lemon-yellow pellicle. 



Milk: Litmus reduced. Thread-like to 

 spongy curd formed. Yellow whey about 

 curd. Yellow growth on top of plain milk. 

 Medium acid. 



Uschinsky's solution: Slowly becomes 

 turbid; pellicle; sediment is whitish j^ellow. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Acid produced from glucose, fructose, 



