352 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



xylose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol and 

 salicin. No acid from raffinose or inulin. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Facultatively anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C. 

 Minimum, between 5° and 10° C. Maximum, 

 between 35° and 40° C. 



Optimum pH, 6.0. Minimum pH, 4.2. 



Source: Isolated by du Plessis from 

 various localities in South Africa. 



Habitat: Causes a disease of grape vines 

 in South Africa, Italy and France. 



3. Erwinia niilletiae (Kawakami and 

 Yoshida, 1920) Magrou, 1937. (Bacillus 

 niilletiae Kawakami and Yoshida, Bot. 

 Mag., Tokyo, 34, 1920, 110; Magrou, in 

 Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 

 213.) 



mil.le'ti.ae. M.L. noun Millefia a genus 

 of flowering plants; M.L. gen. noun niilletiae 

 of Milletia; named for A. J. Millett, a 

 botanist. 



Rods, 0.4 to 0.6 by 0.9 to 2.5 microns. 

 Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Encapsulated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction begins after 8 days. 



Agar colonies: Circular, flat, smooth, 

 shiny, opaque, waxy yellow, entire. 



Broth: Turbid; heavy precipitate. 



Milk: No coagulation. Clears with alka- 

 line reaction. 



Conjac: No liquefaction. 



Acid but no gas from galactose, fructose, 

 lactose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol. No 

 acid from glycerol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Growth in 0.2 per cent but not in 0.3 per 

 cent of the following acids in sucrose pep- 

 tone broth: Acetic, citric, oxalic and tar- 

 taric. 



Aerobic. 



Grows well at 32° C. Thermal death point, 

 53° C for 10 min. 



Source: Isolated from galls on the Japa- 

 nese wisteria in various localities in Japan. 



Habitat: Causes galls on the Japanese 

 wisteria, Milletia japonica. 



4. Erwinia cassavae (Handsford, 1938) 

 Burkholder, 1948. {Bacterium cassavae 



Handsford, Ann. Rept. Dept. Agr. Uganda 

 for 1937, II, 1938, 48; Burkholder, in Manual, 

 6th ed., 1948, 466.) 



cas.sa'vae. M.L. cassava from the Haytian 

 kasabi, the common name of species of 

 Manihot; M.L. gen. noun cassavae of Mani- 

 hot. 



Rods. Motile by means of a few peritri- 

 chous flagella. Not encapsulated. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin is slowly liquefied. 



Agar colonies: Smooth, lens-shaped, 

 entire, translucent and of uniform structure. 

 Yellow. 



Broth: Turbid with a ring; a yellow 

 precipitate forms in old cultures. 



Milk becomes alkaline. Not cleared. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 maltose and glycerol but not from lactose. 



Methyl red test negative. Acetylmethyl- 

 carbinol produced (Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Nitrites rapidly produced from nitrates. 



Facultatively anaerobic. 



Source: Isolated from necrotic lesions on 

 cassava leaves in Uganda. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on cassava, Manihot 

 sp. 



5. Erwinia salicis (Day, 1924) Chester, 

 1939. {Bacterium salicis Day, Oxford For. 

 Mem., 3, 1924, 14; Chester, in Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 406.) 



sa'li.cis. L. noun salix, salicis the willow; 

 M.L. noun Salix generic name of the willow. 



Description taken from Dowson (Ann. 

 Appl. Biol., £4, 1937, 542). 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 0.8 to 2.2 microns, 

 occurring singly or in pairs, rarely in 

 chains, with rounded ends. Motile by means 

 of 5 to 7 long peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin stab: Beaded growth. No lique- 

 faction. 



Infusion agar: Colonies appear slowly, 

 circular, with slightly uneven margins, 

 pale brown by transmitted light, pale gray 

 by reflected. 



Infusion agar slants: Growth thin, nearly 

 transparent. 



Broth: Moderate, uniform turbidity; no 

 pellicle. 



Litmus milk: No change. 



