FAMILY IV. ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



353 



Potato: Bright yellow, later fading to 

 pale brown, spreading, abundant, glisten- 

 ing, slimy growth. 



No growth in Cohn's solution. 



Indole not produced. 



Hj'drogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, 

 mannose, .xjdose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, 

 glycerol, mannitol and salicin. No growth 

 in arabinose, fructose, rhamnose, inulin or 

 dextrin. 



Starch not hjdrolyzed. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. Methyl 

 red test negative (Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Nitrites produced from nitrates (Dow- 

 son) . 



Ammonia not produced. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 29° and 30° C. Minimum, between 

 5° and 10° C. Maximum, between 33° and 

 37° C. Thermal death point, between 50° 

 and 52° C. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Source: Isolated from the cricket-bat 

 willow (Salix caerulea) and from the white 

 willow {Salix alba). 



Habitat: Causes a water-mark disease of 

 willow in England. 



6. Erwinia tracheiphila (Erwin Smith, 

 1895) Holland, 1920. {Bacillus tracheiphilus 

 Erwin Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 1, 

 1895, 364; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 215.) 



tra.che.i'phi.la. Gr. adj. tracheia rough, 

 the tracheia arteria, or rough artery, is the 

 trachea; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. 

 tracheiphilus trachea-loving, i.e., growing 

 in the tracheae or vessels of the fibro-vascu- 

 lar bundles. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.2 to 2.5 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly and in 

 pairs, more rarely in fours. Motile by means 

 of peritrichous flagella. Encapsulated. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, grayish 

 white, smooth, glistening. Show internal 

 striae by transmitted light. 



Gelatin stab : Surface growth thin, spread- 

 ing, grayish white. Slight filiform growth 

 in depth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, circular, grayish 

 white, smooth, glistening. 



Agar slant : Growth gray, smooth, filiform, 

 moist, glistening. 



Broth: Slight turbidity; no ring or pel- 

 licle. 



Potato: Growth white or color of sub- 

 stratum, smooth, moist, glistening. No 

 action on the starch. Does not soften the 

 middle lamella of potato cells. 



Litmus milk: Not coagulated. Reaction 

 unchanged. Litmus not reduced. Not pep- 

 tonized. 



Egg albumen: Not digested. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Cohn's solution: No growth. 



Uschinsky's solution: Weak growth. 



Fermi's solution: Weak growth. 



Indole not produced in Dunham's solu- 

 tion. 



Hj^drogen sulfide production feeble. 



Acid without gas from glucose, sucrose 

 and fructose; growth in closed arm. Acid 

 from glycerol. No growth in closed arm 

 with lactose, maltose, dextrin, glycerol or 

 mannitol. No acid from lactose. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia production moderate. 



Cannot utilize asparagine, ammonium 

 lactate or tartrate as source of nitrogen. 



Growth in broth with 1.0 per cent NaCl 

 retarded; inhibited with 2.0 per cent. 



Very sensitive to acid (phenolphthalein) . 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 25° and 30° C. Minimum, about 8° C. 

 Maximum, between 34° and 35° C. Thermal 

 death point, 43° C. for one hour. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Source: Isolated from various cucurbits. 



Habitat: Causes the wilt of cucumber; 

 also affects cantaloupes, muskmelons, 

 pumpkins and squashes. 



7. Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder 

 et al., 1953. (Burkholder, McFadden and 

 Dimock, Phytopath., 43, 1953, 524.) 



chrys.an'the.mi. M.L. neut.n. Chrysan- 

 themum a genus of flowering plants; M.L. 

 gen. noun chrysanthemi of Chrysanthemum. 



Rods, 0.7 by 2.10 microns, occurring singly 

 and in pairs. Motile by means of a varying 

 number of peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



