354 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Beef -extract peptone agar slants : Growth 

 moderate, slightly iridescent and butyrous 

 with wavy margins. Certain strains produce 

 a slate-gray pigment in old cultures. 



Broth: Lightly turbid; pellicle forms in 

 18 hours and sinks to the bottom of the tube. 



Litmus milk: Becomes lavender in 2 to 3 

 days. Soft curd within a week with one-half 

 the medium whey. Pink. 



Fermi's, Uschinsky's and Clara's solu- 

 tions: White, turbid growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Krumwiede's triple sugar agar: Agar 

 becomes yellow but turns entirely red at 

 the end of 2 to 3 weeks. 



Endo agar: Growth pink; no change in 

 the color of the medium. 



Desoxycholate agar: Colonies yellow. 



Acid from a synthetic solution plus the 

 following: glucose, galactose, arabinose, 

 xylose, rhamnose, sucrose, dulcitol, glyc- 

 erol, mannitol, ethanol (5 per cent) or 

 salicin. Gas produced from most of the 

 above-mentioned compounds. Alkali pro- 

 duced from the sodium salts of citric, hip- 

 puric, malonic and uric acids. Delayed ac- 

 tion in lactose; maltose weak. 



Gas in 3 days in formate ricinoleate broth 

 and in Krumwiede's triple sugar agar. Oc- 

 casional bubbles in pectate medium. In 

 sugar broth, especially sucrose, brom- 

 thymol-blue is decolorized. 



Starch not hydrolyzed, but solidified am- 

 monium pectate medium is liquefied. 



Methyl red test negative. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Only occasional and very slight growth in 

 5 per cent salt. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 40° and 41° C. Growth at 6° C. Good 

 growth at 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from blight of chrys- 

 anthemum, sedum and celery. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on chrysanthemum, 

 sedum and celery. Causes a soft rot on many 

 fleshy vegetables. 



8. Erwinia carnegieana Lightle et al., 

 1942. (Lightle, Standring and Brown, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 310.) 



car.ne.gie.a'na. M.L. adj. carnegieanus 

 of Carnegiea the generic name of a cactus. 



Rods, 1.12 to 1.79 by 1.56 to 2.90 microns. 

 Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Encapsulated. Gram-positive (Lightle et 

 al.). Gram-negative; old cultures show 

 Gram-positive granules in cells (Burk- 

 holder). 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Round, slightly raised, 

 smooth, grayish white, wet-shining, entire. 



Broth: Abundant growth. 



Uschinsky's solution: Turbid; slight ring 

 and sediment. 



Milk: Litmus pink to reduced. No curd- 

 ling. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced (Burkholder) . 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 fructose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, man- 

 nitol and salicin. Acid and gas from lactose 

 and xylose and alkali from sodium tartrate 

 (Burkholder). 



Starch not hydrolyzed (Burkholder). 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



No odor. 



Aerobic. 



Thermal death point, 59° C. 



Source : Isolated from rotting tissue of the 

 giant cactus (Carnegiea gigantia). 



Habitat: Pathogenic on the giant cactus, 

 but not on carrots. 



9. Erwinia dissolvens (Rosen, 1922) 

 Burkholder, 1948. (Pseudomonas dissolvens 

 Rosen, Phytopath., 12, 1922, 497; Burk- 

 holder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 472.) 



dis.sol'vens. L. part. adj. dissoIve7is dis- 

 solving. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.9 by 0.7 to 1.2 microns, oc- 

 curring in pairs, rarely in chains. First de- 

 scribed as motile by means of a single 

 flagellum, later as non-motile. Encapsu- 

 lated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Not liquefied. 



Agar colonies: Round, entire, white, 

 opaque, glistening, butyrous, emitting a 

 strong odor of decaying vegetables. 



Broth: Turbid; heavy surface growth con- 

 sisting of a ring and floccules or compact 

 slimy masses and streamers; abundant sedi- 

 ment. 



Uschinsky's solution: Good growth, but 

 not viscid. 



