FAMILY IV. ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



355 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulated. 



Indole produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 mannitol, sucrose, maltose, lactose and 

 gl3'cerol. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Good growth in 3 per cent salt. Growth 

 retarded at 4 per cent. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Source: Isolated from rotting corn stalks. 



Habitat: Pathogenic to maize. 



10. Erwinia nimipressuralis Carter, 

 1945. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 23, 

 1945, 423.) 



ni.mi.pres.su.ra'lis. L. adv. nimis over- 

 much; L. noun pessura pressure; M.L. adj. 

 nvtiipressuralis with excessive pressure. 



Rods, most of which measure 0.34 to 0.68 

 by 0.68 to 1.35 microns. Motile by means of 

 as many as 6 peritrichous flagella. Capsules 

 not observed. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Potato glucose agar: Colonies circular, 

 smooth, whitish cream, entire, flat to 

 slightly raised and usually opaque. Gas pro- 

 duced when medium is stabbed. 



Broth: Abundant wdth thin pellicle or 

 flocculent surface growth; sediment scant 

 and viscid; gas produced in nutrient broth 

 plus glucose was 47 per cent CO2 and 2.4 

 per cent hydrogen. CO2 varied with age of 

 culture, more being produced in young 

 cultures. 



Milk: Acid, coagulated. Litmus and 

 bromocresol purple are reduced. Not pepto- 

 nized. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Acid and gas produced from arabinose, 

 rhamnose, xj'lose, glucose, fructose, galac- 

 tose, mannose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, 

 melibiose, cellobiose, mannitol, sorbitol and 

 salicin; no acid or gas from inulin, dextrin 

 or filterpaper; variable results from sucrose, 

 raffinose, melezitose, dulcitol, glycerol and 

 elm sawdust. Pectin is not fermented. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Methyl red test positive. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Facultatively anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 24° and 30° C. Minimum, 5° C. or 

 lower. Maximum, 37° C. Thermal death 

 point, between 45° and 55° C. 



Optimum pH for growth, between 6.8 

 and 7.5. Minimum, 4.6. Maximum, 10.0+ . 



Source: Isolated from five different trees 

 affected with wet wood. 



Habitat: Pathogenic in trunk wood of 

 elms, Ulmus americana, U. pumila, U.fulva 

 and U. procera. 



11. Erwinia carotovora (Jones, 1901) 

 Holland, 1920. (Bacillus carotovorus Jones, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 7, 1901, 12; Holland, 

 Jour. Bact., S, 1920, 222; Pectobacterium 

 carotovorum Waldee, Iowa State Coll. Jour. 

 Sci., 19, 1945, 469.) 



ca.ro. to'vo.ra. L. noun carota carrot;L. v. 

 voro to devour; M.L. adj. carotovorus carrot- 

 destroying. 



Description taken from Burkholder and 

 Smith (Phytopath., 39, 1949, 893). 



Rods, 0.7 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns. Motile 

 by means of 1 to 6 peritrichous flagella. No 

 capsules observed. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Beef -extract peptone agar slants : Growth 

 moderate, filiform, grayish white, iridescent 

 and butyrous. Medium unchanged. 



Broth: Moderately turbid with a slight 

 ring but seldom a pellicle; white sediment. 



Litmus milk: Coagulation in 4 days. Lit- 

 mus reduced; slight separation of whey but 

 little or no peptonization. 



Potato plug: Slight growth. 



Endo agar: Colonies circular, at first pink 

 turning deep red with a metallic luster. 

 Medium turns red. 



Blood serum: Growth much as on agar. 

 Not liquefied. 



Krumwdede's triple sugar agar: Turns yel- 

 low. 



Uschinsky's solution: Growth light to 

 none. 



Desoxycholate agar. Good growth. Colo- 

 nies pink. 



Diastase-negative. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Methyl red test positive. Acetylmethyl- 



