358 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Good growth at 37° C; light growth at 

 40° C, but none at 42° C. 



Distinctive characters: Differs from the 

 non-aerogenic strains of Erwinia atrosepfica 

 and E. carotovora in the production of hj'dro- 

 gen sulfide, in its high temperature range 

 and in its great turbidity in Uschinsky's so- 

 lution. Acetylmethylcarbinol is also pro- 

 duced. Its fermentation is more like that of 

 E. atrosepfica than that of E. carotovora. 



Source: Isolated from rotted calla lily. 



Habitat: Causes a soft rot of calla. Af- 

 fects raw potato, egg-plant, cauliflower, 

 radish, cucumber, cabbage, parsnip, turnip, 

 salsify and tomato (ripe and green). 



chloroform, carbon bisulfide, dilute acid or 

 alkalis. 



A turbid growth is produced in 10 per cent 

 salt. 



Facultatively anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 35° C. 

 Maximum, 43° C. Thermal death point, 62° 

 C. for 10 minutes. 



Source : Isolated from diseased lemons and 

 oranges. 



Habitat: Causes a spot disease of citrus. 

 In nature attacks lemons, oranges, naartjes 

 and has also been successfully inoculated 

 into limes, shaddock, grapefruit and citron. 

 Seville oranges are resistant. 



15. Erwinia citrimaculans (Doidge, 

 1917) Magrou, 1937. (Bacillus citrimaculans 

 Doidge, Ann. Appl. Biol., 3, 1917, 53; Ma- 

 grou, in Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. Bact. 

 Path., 1937, 203.) 



ci.tri.ma'cu.lans. M.L. noun Citrus 

 generic name of the citrus fruits; L. part, 

 adj. maculans spotting; M.L. adj. citri- 

 maculans citrus-spotting. 



Rods, 0.45 to 0.7 by 0.8 to 3.2 microns. 

 Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Encapsulated. Gram-positive. Dowson 

 (Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 184) 

 thinks that this species is Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Subcircular, yellow, with 

 dense grumose centers. 



Broth : Turbid, with pellicle and sediment. 



Milk: Coagulated, with precipitation of 

 casein and extrusion of whey. Not pepto- 

 nized. Litmus gradually reduced. 



Blood serum: Not liquefied. 



Indole is produced. 



Cohn's solution: No growth. 



Uschinsky's solution: Growth present. 



No growth in broth over chloroform. 



Acid without visible gas from glucose, 

 sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose and 

 mannitol. No acid from lactose, glycerol, 

 dextrin or starch. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates with evo- 

 lution of gas. 



Ammonia produced in broth. 



Diastase-negative. 



Methylene blue and neutral red reduced. 



Pigment insoluble in water, alcohol, ether. 



16. Erwinia niangiferae (Doidge, 1915) 

 Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus niangiferae 

 Doidge, Ann. Appl. Biol., 2, 1915, 1; Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 173.) 



man.gi'fer.ae. M.L. noun Mangifera gen- 

 eric name of the mangoes; M.L. gen. noun 

 numgiferae of the mango. 



Rods, 0.6 by 1.5 microns, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly and in chains. Motile 

 by means of peritrichous flagella. Encapsu- 

 lated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab : Medium liquefied in 10 to 

 17 days. Growth yellow. 



Agar colonies: Glistening, yellowish; un- 

 dulate borders. 



Agar slant: Growth yellow, glistening. 



Broth: Turbid; yellow ring. 



Litmus milk: Slow coagulation at 37° C. 

 Slight acidity. Casein slowly dissolved. Lit- 

 mus reduced. 



Potato: Growth spreading, glistening, 

 yellowish. Medium not discolored. 



Cohn's solution: Slight turbidity. 



Uschinsky's solution: No growth. 



Fermi's solution with starch jelly: No 

 growth. 



Indole produced in peptone solution. 



Phenol -negative. 



No hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Feeble acid production without gas from 

 glucose, lactose, sucrose, fructose and glyc- 

 erol. No growth in closed arm with lactose 

 and glycerol; more or less growth in closed 

 arm with glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, 

 raffinose and mannitol. 



Diastase-negative. 



Produces an enzyme capable of dissolving 



