FAMILY IV. ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



363 



4. Serratia kiliensis (Lehmann and 

 Neumann, 1896) Bergey et al., 1923. (Bac- 

 terium h, Breunig, Inaug. Diss., Kiel, 1888; 

 Bacillus ruber balticus Kruse, in Fliigge, 

 Die Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 1896, 303; 

 Bacterium kiliense Lehmann and Neumann, 

 Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 263; Serratia 

 keilensis (sic) Bergej' et al.. Manual, 1st 

 ed., 1923, 90.) 



ki.li.en'sis. M.L. adj. kiliensis pertaining 

 to Kiel. 



Description taken from Kruse {op. cit., 

 1896, 303) and from Bergey et al. {op. cit., 

 1923, 90). 



Slender rods, 0.7 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 5.0 mi- 

 crons, occurring singly. Motile by means of 

 four peritrichous flagella. Gram -negative. 



Deep gelatin colonies: Bright yellow. 

 Gelatin liquefied slowly, usually becoming 

 rose red. 



Glucose gelatin stab: Rapid liquefaction. 

 Occasional gas bubbles (Breed). 



Agar colonies: Small, red becoming ma- 

 genta, smooth. 



Agar slant: Bright red becoming darker 

 in old cultures. 



Agar stab: Turbid, strongly pigmented 

 water of condensation. 



Broth: Turbid; usually reddened. 



Litmus milk: Acid; at 20° C., coagulated 

 slowly and pigment produced; at 35° C, 

 coagulated rapidly and no pigment pro- 

 duced. 



Potato: Slight, red growth becoming 

 luxuriant and darker. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from carbohydrates (Leh- 

 mann and Neumann, op. cit., 1896, 263). Gas 

 from glucose, lactose and sucrose, 20 to 30 

 per cent of it being CO2 (Bergey). Optically 

 inactive lactic acid is produced and not 

 more than a trace of acetylmethjdcarbinol 

 or 2,3-butylene glycol (Pederson and Breed, 

 Jour. Bact., 16, 1928, 183). 



Sodium formate broth: Gas is produced 

 (Breed). 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced by 

 the Krdl culture (Breed). 



Nitrites and free nitrogen are produced 

 from nitrates. 

 Coagulated blood serum is liquefied. 



Pigment produced at 37° C. Pigment es- 

 pecially soluble in alcohol. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Aerobic. 



Relationships to other species: It is not 

 certain whether Breunig's original culture 

 was a heavily pigmented strain of Serratia 

 rnarcescens or whether it was of the type 

 described above. Cultures of both types 

 have been widely distributed as the Kiel 

 bacillus. Descriptions drawn up by Kruse 

 {op. cit., 1896, 303) and Lehmann and Neu- 

 mann {op. cit., 1896, 263) state that this 

 bacterium produces visible gas, while Mi- 

 gula, in 1900, gives a description which fits 

 Serratia rnarcescens. Moreover, cultures 

 obtained under this name from various 

 laboratories in Europe and America are 

 sometimes of one type and sometimes of 

 the other. As the Krdl culture distributed 

 as Bacillus ruber balticus is widely known 

 and has now been shown to differ from (Ser- 

 ratia rnarcescens in that it is a distinct rod 

 in ordinary media, forms visible gas from 

 carbohydrates and even more abundant gas 

 from sodium formate media, the name Ser- 

 ratia kiliensis is used here for the Krdl 

 culture. Serratia kiliensis is a distinct rod 

 like Serratia plymuthica but fails to produce 

 acetylmeth3dcarbinol. This use of the 

 name Serratia kiliensis given here also ac- 

 cords with the description drawn up by 

 Bergey for the first edition of the Manual 

 based on the study of a culture which he 

 obtained many years previously from Eu- 

 rope (Breed) . 



Source: Isolated from water at Kiel, Ger- 

 many. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 



5. Serratia piscatorum (Lehmann and 

 Neumann, 1896) Breed, 1939. (Microbe rouge 

 de la sardine, du Bois Saint-Sevrin, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 8, 1894, 155; Bacterium pisca- 

 torum Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 

 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 263; Breed, in Manual, 5th 

 ed., 1939, 427; Serratia urinae Gurevitch 

 and Weber, Amer. Jour. Clin. Pathol., 20, 

 1950, 49.) 



pis.ca.to'rum. L. noun piscator a fisher- 

 man; L. gen. pi. noun piscatorum of fisher- 

 men. 



