372 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



alkaline, opalescent, translucent to yellow- 

 ish gray. 



Potato: Abundant, moist, yellowish 

 brown to brown growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, 

 maltose, sorbitol, xylose, rhamnose and 

 trehalose. Fermentation of arabinose, dulci- 

 citol, 1-tartrate, d-tartrate, dl-tartrate 

 and mucate is variable. No action on lac- 

 tose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol or inositol. 



Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- 

 lized. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Trimethylamine produced from trimethj-l- 

 amine o.xide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. 

 Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Antigenic structure: 1, 9, 12: g, m: — . 



Comment: Varieties of this species have 

 been recognized on the basis of differences 

 in biochemical behavior. 



Source : Isolated from feces in an epidemic 

 of meat poisoning at Frankenhausen, Ger- 

 many. 



Habitat: Widely distributed, occurring 

 in man. Also found in domestic and wild 

 animals, particularly rodents. 



4. Salmonella typhosa (Zopf, 1884) 

 White, 1930. (Bacillus des Abdominal-Ty- 

 phus, Eberth, Arch. f. path. Anat., 81, 1880, 

 58; also see ihid., 83, 1881 , 486 ; Typhus Bacil- 

 len, Gaffky, Mitteil. a. d. kaiserl. Gesund- 

 heitsamte, £, 1884, 372; Bacterium typhosum 

 Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 2 Aufl., 1884, 90; Bacil- 

 lus typhosus Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 3 Aufl., 

 1885, 126; not Bacillus typhosus Klebs, Hand, 

 d. path. Anat., 1880; also see Arch. f. exp. 

 Path. u. Pharmac, 13, 1881, 392; Bacillus 

 typhi Schroeter, in Cohn, Kryptogamen- 

 Flora V. Schlesien, 3, 1886, 165; Bacillus 

 typhi abdominalis Fliigge, Die Mikroorga- 

 nismen, 2 Aufl., 1886, 198; Bacterium {Eber- 

 thella) typhi Buchanan, Jour. Bact., 3, 1918, 

 53 (type species of genus Eherthella Bu- 

 chanan, loc. cit.); Salmonella typhi Warren 

 and Scott, Jour, of Hyg., 29, 1930, 416; 

 White, Jour, of Hyg., 29, 1930, 443.) 



ty.pho'sa. Gr. noun typhus a stupor, here 



used in the sense of typhoid; M.L. adj. 

 typhosris pertaining to typhoid. 



Rods, 0.6 to 0.7 by 2.0 to 3.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and occasionally 

 in short chains. Motile by means of peri- 

 trichous flagella; sometimes non-motile. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Grayish, transparent to 

 opaque, with leaf -like surface markings. 



Gelatin stab: Thin, white, opalescent 

 growth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Grayish, transparent to 

 opaque. 



Agar slant: Whitish gray, glistening, 

 echinulate, entire to undulate growth. 



Broth: Turbid; moderate sediment; deli- 

 cate pellicle in old cultures. 



Litmus milk: Slight, transient acidity, 

 followed by a return to neutral or to slight 

 alkalinit3^ 



Potato: Delicate, moist, slightly spread- 

 ing, barely visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide usually produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, mannitol, 

 maltose, sorbitol and trehalose. Fermenta- 

 tion of arabinose, dulcitol, xylose, inositol 

 and d-tartrate is variable. No action on 

 lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, rham- 

 nose, 1-tartrate or dl-tartrate. Mucate 

 may or may not show late fermentation. 



Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- 

 lized. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- 

 amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. 

 Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Antigenic structure: 9, 12, (Vi) : di : d2 . 

 By means of Vi phages, distinct types can 

 be recognized which are of epidemiological 

 importance. 



Pathogenic for laboratory animals on 

 parenteral inoculation. 



Source: Isolated from human cases of 

 typhoid fever, from contaminated water 

 and from foods. Isolated once from a chicken 

 by Henning, Onderstepoort, South Africa. 



Habitat: The cause of typhoid fever. 



5. Salmonella hirschfeldii Weldin, 1927. 

 {Bacillus paratyphosus (85, Weil, Wien. klin. 



