FAMILY IV. ENTEEOBACTERIACEAE 



375 



Hydrogen sulfide production is variable. 



Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, 

 maltose and sorbitol. d-Tartrate is attacked. 

 Fermentation of arabinose, dulcitol, rham- 

 nose and xylose is variable. l-Tartrate may 

 or may not show and dl -tartrate usually 

 does not show late fermentation. No action 

 on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, inosi- 

 tol, trehalose or mucate. 



Sodium citrate is utilized. 



Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- 

 amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. 

 Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). 



Antigenic structure: 4, 12: c: 1, 6. 



Source: Isolated from cases of abortion 

 in sheep. 



Habitat: Not known to infect any animal 

 other than sheep. 



10. Salmonella gallinaruiii (Klein, 

 1889) Bergey et al., 1925. {Bacillus galli- 

 narum Klein, Cent. f. Bakt., 5, 1889, 689; 

 Bacterium pullorum Rettger, Jour. Med. 

 Res., 21 (N.S. 16), 1909, 117; Salmonella 

 pullonmi Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 218; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 236; Salmonella gallinarum-'pidlorum 

 Taylor J., Bensted, Boyd, Carpenter, Dow- 

 son, Lovell, Taylor, E. W., Thornton, Wil- 

 son and Shaw, Internat. Bull, of Bact. No- 

 men, and Taxon., 2, 1952, 140.) 



gal.li.na'rum. L. noun gallina a hen; L. 

 gen. pi. noun gallinarum of hens. 



Rods, 0.3 to 0.6 by 0.8 to 2.5 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly or, in blood, 

 in short chains. Usually non-motile. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, grayish white, 

 finely granular, circular entire. 



Gelatin stab : Slight, grayish white surface 

 growth with slight, grayish, filiform growth 

 in stab. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Moist, grayish, circular, 

 entire. 



Agar slant: Thin, gray, irregular, moist, 

 glistening streak. 



Broth: Turbid; heavj', flocculent sedi- 

 ment . 



Litmus milk: Reaction unchanged, be- 

 coming translucent. No coagulation. 



Potato: Slight, grayish growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide production is variable. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, mannitol, 

 maltose and sorbitol. Action on dulcitol, 

 rhamnose, trehalose, xylose, d-tartrate, 

 1-tartrate and mucate is variable. dl-Tar- 

 trate may or may not show late fermenta- 

 tion. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, 

 adonitol or inositol. 



Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- 

 lized. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- 

 amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. 

 Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Antigenic structure: 1,9, 12: — , — . 



Comment : A variety of this species which 

 differs from the parent strain in its slow 

 fermentation of maltose and by its inability 

 to ferment d-tartrate and to produce hy- 

 drogen sulfide has been reported by Kauff- 

 mann (Zent. f . Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 132, 1934, 

 337). 



Source: Isolated from chickens and other 

 birds as well as from calves, hogs, rabbits 

 and man. 



Habitat: The causative agent of fowl 

 typhoid (clearly to be distinguished from 

 fowl cholera) and identical with Moore's 

 infectious leukemia of fowls. Causes white 

 diarrhoea in young chicks. Infectious for 

 rabbits and all poultry, canaries and certain 

 wild birds (quail, grouse, pheasant) by 

 feeding or by inoculation. Occasionally 

 produces food poisoning or gastroenteritis 

 in man (Mitchell, Garlock and Broh-Kahn, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 79, 1946, 57). 



