FAMILY V. BRUCELLACEAE 



401 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in a cystine 

 medium. 



Slight acid without gas may be produced 

 from glucose, glycerol, maltose, mannose, 

 fructose and dextrin. 



Growth soluble in sodium ricinoleate. 



Aerobic. No growth anaerobically. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Thermal death point, 56° C. for 10 minutes. 

 Survives best at low temperatures, even 

 -70° C. 



Pathogenicity: Penetrates unbroken skin 

 to cause infection. Buboes and areas of 

 necrosis produced in human and animal 

 tissue. Infectious for man and most rodents, 

 including rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice, 

 squirrels, ground hogs, muskrats, beavers, 

 water rats and lemmings. 



Source: Originally isolated from Cali- 

 fornia ground squirrels and later from more 

 than 30 other forms of wild life in the 

 United States and elsewhere. Found in 

 lesions in man and animals with natural or 

 experimental infections. Found especially in 

 the livers, blood, lymph nodes and spleens 

 of animals. 



Habitat: The cause of tularemia in man; 

 transmitted from wild animals to man by 

 blood-sucking insects, by contact with 

 infected animals or by drinking water. 

 Disease known in North America, Japan, 

 Russia, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Turkey, 

 Czechoslovakia and Central Germany. See 

 Burroughs, Holdenreid, Longanecker and 

 Meyer (Jour. Inf. Dis., 76, 1945, 115) for a 

 complete list of known vertebrate hosts. 



9. Pasteurella novicida Larson et al., 

 1955. (Larson, Wicht and Jellison, Public 

 Health Reports, 70, 1955, 253.) 



no.vi'ci.da. L. adj. novus new; L. v. 

 n. suffix -cida from L. v. caedo to cut, kill; 

 M.L. noun novicida new-killer. 



Description prepared by Jellison, April, 

 1955. 



Coccoid to ovoid or short, rod-shaped 

 cells, 0.20 to 0.28 by 0.28 micron in tissues, 

 0.7 by 1.7 microns in liquid media and 0.47 

 by 0.47 to 0.94 micron on solid media. 

 Capsules not observed. Non -motile. Gram- 

 negative. 



No growth on plain agar without special 

 enrichment. 



Gelatin (without added cystine) : Growth. 

 No liquefaction. 



Glucose cj'stine agar colonies: 6 to 7 mm 

 in diameter, translucent. 



Glucose cystine blood agar colonies: 8 

 mm in diameter, gray with a definite blue 

 cast, smooth, slightly elevated, glistening, 

 amorphous, entire. Good growth on pri- 

 mary isolation. 



Yeast extract agar colonies: 3 mm in 

 diameter, clear, convex, glistening; edges 

 are smooth. 



Yeast extract- or cystine-containing agar 

 shakes: After 8 days at room temperature, 

 at 30° or at 37° C, growth occurs on the 

 surface and at a depth not exceeding 0.7 

 cm. Surface colonies are 5 mm in diameter, 

 and those within the agar are 1 mm or less. 



Horsemeat infusion agar: When infected 

 liver or spleen is smeared over the surface, 

 growth occurs only in the immediate vi- 

 cinity of small pieces of tissue which adhere 

 to the medium. 



Blood agar colonies: 4 mm in diameter; 

 resemble those on glucose cystine blood 

 agar. No hemolysis. 



Peptone broth: Abundant growth; mod- 

 erately uniform turbidity; no pellicle; no 

 surface growth; slight sediment which 

 disintegrates on shaking. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: No growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose, 

 sucrose and mannose. 



Methyl red test is negative. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia is not produced. 



Methylene blue is reduced. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Thermal death point, 60° C. for 10 minutes. 



Pathogenicity: Pathogenic for white 

 mice, guinea pigs and hamsters. Produces 

 lesions in experimental animals similar to 

 those found in tularemia. Rabbits, white 

 rats and pigeons are somewhat resistant; 

 not known to infect man. 



