402 ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Relationships to other species: This rensis and other species of Pasteur ella by- 

 organism is very similar to Pasteurella serological and fermentation tests. 

 tularcnsis in gross appearance of cultures, Source: Isolated from a water sample 

 in microscopic appearance and in patho- taken from Ogden Bay, Utah, 

 genicity. It is distinguished from P. tula- Habitat: Water. 



Genus II. Bordetella Moreno-Ldpez, 1952* 

 (Microbiol. Espanola, 5, 1952, 177.) 



Bor.de.tel'la. M.L. dim. ending -eZZa; M.L. fem.n. Sor(ie<eZZa named for Jules Bordet, who, 

 with O. Gengou, first isolated the organism causing pertussis. 



Minute coccobacilli. Motile and non-motile species occur. Gram-negative. On primary 

 isolation, some species are dependent on complex media; all are hemolytic. Carbohydrates 

 are not fermented. Litmus milk becomes alkaline. A dermonecrotic toxin is produced. 

 Parasitic. Cause whooping cough or an infection clinicallj^ resembling it. 



The type species is Bordetella pertussis (Holland) Moreno-Lopez. 



Key to the species of genus Bordetella. 



I. Non-motile. 



A. No growth on plain agar in the smooth phase. 



1. Bordetella perttissis. 



B. Moderately rapid growth on plain agar with brown coloring of the medium. 



2. Bordetella parapertussis. 

 II. Motile. 



3. Bordetella bronchi septica. 



1. Bordetella pertussis (Holland, 1920) used to replace blood in certain agar media 



Moreno-Lopez, 1952. (Microbe de coque- (Pollock, Brit. Jour. Exp. Path., £8, 1947, 



luche, Bordet and Gengou, Ann. Inst. 295). 



Past., 20, 1906, 731; Hemophilus pertussis Bordet-Gengou agar colonies: Smooth, 



Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 219; Moreno- raised, entire, pearly, glistening. Sur- 



Lopez, Microbiol. Espanola, 5, 1952, 177.) rounded by a zone of hemolysis with indefi- 



per.tus'sis. L. prep, per very, severe; nite periphery. Growth in 3 to 4 days. 



L. noun tiissis cough; M.L. noun pertussis Special liquid medium: Turbid; sediment 



whooping cough; M.L. gen. noun pertussis is ropy, 



of whooping cough. Litmus milk: Alkaline in 12 to 14 days 



Minute coccobacilli, 0.2 to 0.3 by 1.0 mi- (after adaptation), 



cron, occurring singly, in pairs and occa- Indole not produced, 



sionally in short chains. Capsules may be Carbohydrates not attacked, 



demonstrated by a special technique (Law- Citrate not utilized as a sole source of 



son. Jour. Lab. Clin. Med., 25, 1940, 435). carbon. 



Non-motile. Show a tendency to bipolar Nitrites not produced from nitrates, 



staining. Gram-negative. Urea not split. 



No growth on the usual laboratory media. Catalase-positive. 



Adapted by repeated transfer with heavy Aerobic. 



inoculum; adaptation accompanied by a loss Optimum temperature, between 35° and 



of original characteristics. 37° C. 



Bordet-Gengou medium containing at Serologically homogeneous when first 



least 15 per cent blood is e.xcellent for isola- isolated (Phase I of Leslie and Gardner, 



tion and maintenance. Charcoal may be Jour. Yiyg., 31, 1931, 423). Shows cross 



* Prepared by Dr. Margaret Pittman, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 

 February, 1953. 



