406 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Ammonia produced in slight amounts 

 from urea. 



Aerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 No growth at 6° or at 45° C. Killed at 59° C. 



Optimum pH (in an agar medium), be- 

 tween 7.0 and 7.2. 



Comments: Strains of this species show 

 wide differences in urease and catalase 

 activity in cells of smooth-intermediate 

 colonial types (Sanders and Warner, Amer. 

 Jour. Vet. Res., lit, 1953, 388). 



Distinctive character: Requires no in- 

 creased CO2 tension. 



Source: Isolated by Bruce (op. cit., 1887, 

 161) from the spleen in fatal cases of Malta 

 fever. 



Habitat: Chief host is the milch goat. 

 The cause of undulant fever (brucellosis) 

 in man, of abortion in goats and of a wasting 

 disease of chickens. May infect cows and 

 hogs and may be e.xcreted in their milk. 

 Infectious for all domestic animals. 



2. Brucella abortus (Schmidt and 

 Weis, 1901) Meyer and Shaw, 1920. (Bacil- 

 lus of abortion, Bang, Ztschr. f. Thiermed., 

 1, 1897, 241; Bacterium abortus Schmidt and 

 Weis, Bakterierne, 1901, 266; Meyer and 

 Shaw, Jour. Inf. Dis., 27, 1920, 173.) 



ab.or'tus. L. noun abortus, abortus abor- 

 tion. 



The morphological and cultural char- 

 acters are similar to those of Brucella meli- 

 tensis with the following exceptions: Re- 

 quires 5 per cent CO 2 for isolation; becomes 

 aerobic after several transfers; the brown- 

 ing of the medium in agar slant culture is 

 less marked; S cultures can be differentiated 

 from those of B. melitensis, but not from 

 those of B. suis, by the agglutinin absorp- 

 tion test. 



Optimum pH for growth (in an agar 

 medium), between 7.0 and 7.2; optimum 



pH for isolation (in an agar medium with 

 an atmosphere of 5 per cent CO 2), between 

 7.5 and 7.8. pH drops to 7.1 or 7.2. 



Source: Isolated from the tissues and 

 milk of infected cattle and hogs and from 

 blood in human cases of undulant fever. 



Habitat: Chief host is the milch cow. 

 Causes infectious abortion in cattle; the 

 same effects are produced in mares, sheep, 

 rabbits, guinea pigs and all other domestic 

 animals. Causes undulant fever (brucel- 

 losis) in man and a wasting disease in 

 chickens. 



3. Brucella suis Huddleson, 1929. (Or- 

 ganism resembling Bacillus abortus, Anony- 

 mous, U.S.D.A. Ann. Rept. Secy. Dept., 

 Rept. of Chief Bur. Animal Ind., 1914, 

 86 (30) ; authorship established by Traum 

 in North Amer. Vet., 1, No. 2, 1920; de- 

 scribed as Bacillus abortus by Good and 

 Smith, Jour. Bact., 1, 1916, 415; Huddleson, 

 Undulant Fever Symposium, Amer. Pub. 

 Health Assoc, (Oct., 1928) 1929, 24; also see 

 Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 100, 

 1929, 12.) 



su'is. L. noun sus the hog, swine; L. 

 gen. noun suis of the hog. 



The morphological and cultural charac- 

 ters are similar to those of Brucella meli- 

 tensis. 



S cultures of Brucella suis can be differ- 

 entiated from S cultures of Brucella meliten- 

 sis, but not from S cultures of Brucella 

 abortus, by the agglutinin absorption test. 



Source: Isolated from urogenital and 

 many other organs of swine. 



Habitat: Chief host is the hog. Causes 

 abortion in swine, undulant fever (brucel- 

 losis) in man and a wasting disease in 

 chickens. Also infectious for horses, dogs, 

 cows, monkeys, goats and laboratory ani- 

 mals. 



Genus IV. Haemophilus Winslow et al., 1917.* 



{Hemophilus (sic) Winslow, Broadhurst, Buchanan, Krumwiede, Rogers and Smith, 

 Jour. Bact., 2, 1917, 561.) 

 Hae.mo'phi.lus. Or. noim haema blood; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. mas.n. Haemophilus 

 the blood lover. 



* Prepared by Dr. Margaret Pittman, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 

 August, 1955. 



