408 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Blood broth: Slightly turbid. No hemoly- 

 sis. 



Litmus milk with blood: Rendered very 

 slightly alkaline by some strains. 



Sterilized potato slant: No growth. 



Fresh, unheated, sterile potato added to 

 broth favors development. 



Indole is produced by some strains. 



Various carbohydrates are attacked by 

 some strains, provided a suitable medium 

 is used, while other strains do not attack 

 any of the carbohydrates. Mannitol and 

 lactose are never fermented. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic; CO2 

 may favor primary isolation. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Minimum, between 25° and 27° C. Maxi- 

 mum, 43° C. Killed in thirty minutes at 

 55° C. 



Pathogenic; strains may or may not be 

 encapsulated. 



Six serological types (a-f) of Haemophilus 

 influenzae are recognized on the basis of 

 precipitation of immune serum by capsular 

 substance. Strains from cerebrospinal fluid 

 are usually of type b. The majority of the 

 strains from the respiratory tract are not 

 type-specific, but they may cause infec- 

 tion. 



Source : Isolated by Pfeiffer from cases of 

 influenza; also found in the nasopharynx, 

 in sputum, sinuses, conjunctiva, cerebro- 

 spinal fluid, blood and in pus from joints. 



Habitat: Found in the respiratory tract. 

 A cause of acute respiratory infections, of 

 acute conjunctivitis and of purulent menin- 

 gitis of children, rarely of adults. Regarded 

 by Pfeiffer and by others to be the cause of 

 influenza. 



2. Haemophilus aegyptius (Trevisan, 

 1889) Pittman and Davis, 1950. (Koch, 

 Wiener med. Wochnschr., 33, 1883, 1550; 

 reprinted in Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesund- 

 heitsamte, 8, 1887, Anlage 2, 19; Weeks, 

 Arch. Ophthalmol., 15 (old series), 1886, 

 441; also see New York Med. Record, 31, 

 1887, 571; Bacillus aegyptius Trevisan, I 

 generi e le specie delle Batteriacee, 1889, 

 13; Bacterium aegyptiacum Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 2 Aufl., 3, 1899, 

 191; Hemophilus conjunctivitidis Bergey et 



al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 270; Pittman 

 and Davis, Jour. Bact., 59, 1950, 413.) 



ae.gyp'ti.us. L. adj. aegyptius Egyptian. 



Common name: The Koch-Weeks Bacil- 

 lus. 



Rods, 0.25 to 0.5 by 1.0 to 2.5 microns, 

 occurring singly, occasionally in short 

 chains and at times in the form of threads. 

 Show bipolar staining. Non-motile. Gram- 

 negative. 



Requires both the factors V and X for 

 growth. 



Blood agar colonies: Very small, circular, 

 transparent, homogeneous, entire. No 

 hemolysis. Satellitism with Micrococcus. 



V and X transparent agar colonies: 1 to 

 2 mm in diameter, bluish sheen in trans- 

 mitted light. 



V andX broth: Turbid. 

 Indole not produced. 



Weak acidity but no gas from glucose, 

 fructose and galactose. No acid from xylose, 

 maltose, sucrose, lactose or mannitol. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 34° and 

 37° C. Growth range, 25° to 40° C. 



Pathogenic for man. 



Serologically homogeneous or closely 

 related to, and distinct from, Haemophilus 

 influenzae. Agglutinates human red blood 

 cells. 



Source: Isolated from conjunctiva. 



Habitat: Causes acute or subacute infec- 

 tious conjunctivitis in warm climates. 



3. Haemophilus suis Hauduroy et al., 

 1937. (Hemophilus influenzae suis Lewis and 

 Shope, Jour. Exp. Med., 54, 1931, 361; 

 Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 1937, 258.) 



su'is. L. noun sus a hog, swine; L. 

 gen. noun suis of swine. 



Morphologically resembles Haemophilus 

 influenzae. 



Requires both the factors V and X for 

 growth (Lewis and Shope, op. cit., 1931, 

 361). Requires V but not X; serum added to 

 Levinthal agar stimulates growth (Alexan- 

 der, in Dubos, Bacterial and Mycotic 

 Infections of Man, 2nd ed., 1952, 528). 



Blood agar colonies: Very minute. No 



